Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation

Ryan D Castle,1 Michelle A Williams,2 William C Bushell,3 J Adam Rindfleisch,4 Christine Tara Peterson,5 James Marzolf,6 Kimberly Brouwer,7 Paul J Mills8 1Science Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 2Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Popul...

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Autores principales:	Castle RD, Williams MA, Bushell WC, Rindfleisch JA, Peterson CT, Marzolf J, Brouwer K, Mills PJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	covid-19 inflammation cytokine storm effect size antivirals corticosteroids melatonin vitamin d meditation whole health Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/de9d8c9bfc0840048716e574b24e911a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:de9d8c9bfc0840048716e574b24e911a2021-12-02T15:31:02ZImplications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation1178-7031https://doaj.org/article/de9d8c9bfc0840048716e574b24e911a2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/implications-for-systemic-approaches-to-covid-19-effect-sizes-of-remde-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7031Ryan D Castle,1 Michelle A Williams,2 William C Bushell,3 J Adam Rindfleisch,4 Christine Tara Peterson,5 James Marzolf,6 Kimberly Brouwer,7 Paul J Mills8 1Science Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 2Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; 3Science Division, Whole Health Institute, New York, NY, USA; 4Education Department, Whole Health School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bentonville, AR, USA; 5Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 6Health Sector Finance & Policy, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 7Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 8Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USACorrespondence: Ryan D CastleScience Division, Whole Health Institute, 900 McClain Road, Bentonville, AR, 72712, USAEmail rcastle@wholehealth.orgIntroduction: COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the etiology of the virus itself.Methods: Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments (Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and meditation) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD).Results: The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4% of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical medication affected 26.3%.Discussion: Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.Keywords: COVID-19, inflammation, cytokine storm, effect size, antivirals, corticosteroids, melatonin, vitamin D, meditation, whole healthCastle RDWilliams MABushell WCRindfleisch JAPeterson CTMarzolf JBrouwer KMills PJDove Medical Pressarticlecovid-19inflammationcytokine stormeffect sizeantiviralscorticosteroidsmelatoninvitamin dmeditationwhole healthPathologyRB1-214Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENJournal of Inflammation Research, Vol Volume 14, Pp 4859-4876 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	covid-19 inflammation cytokine storm effect size antivirals corticosteroids melatonin vitamin d meditation whole health Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	covid-19 inflammation cytokine storm effect size antivirals corticosteroids melatonin vitamin d meditation whole health Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Castle RD Williams MA Bushell WC Rindfleisch JA Peterson CT Marzolf J Brouwer K Mills PJ Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
description	Ryan D Castle,1 Michelle A Williams,2 William C Bushell,3 J Adam Rindfleisch,4 Christine Tara Peterson,5 James Marzolf,6 Kimberly Brouwer,7 Paul J Mills8 1Science Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 2Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; 3Science Division, Whole Health Institute, New York, NY, USA; 4Education Department, Whole Health School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bentonville, AR, USA; 5Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 6Health Sector Finance & Policy, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA; 7Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 8Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USACorrespondence: Ryan D CastleScience Division, Whole Health Institute, 900 McClain Road, Bentonville, AR, 72712, USAEmail rcastle@wholehealth.orgIntroduction: COVID-19 poses a chronic threat to inflammatory systems, reinforcing the need for efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. The purpose of this review and analysis was to determine the efficacy of various interventions upon the inflammatory markers most affected by COVID-19. The focus was on the markers associated with COVID-19, not the etiology of the virus itself.Methods: Based on 27 reviewed papers, information was extracted on the effects of COVID-19 upon inflammatory markers, then the effects of standard treatments (Remdesivir, Tocilizumab) and adjunctive interventions (vitamin D3, melatonin, and meditation) were extracted for those markers. These data were used to approximate effect sizes for the disease or interventions via standardized mean differences (SMD).Results: The data that were available indicated that adjunctive interventions affected 68.4% of the inflammatory markers impacted by COVID-19, while standard pharmaceutical medication affected 26.3%.Discussion: Nonstandard adjunctive care appeared to have comparable or superior effects in comparison to Remdesivir and Tocilizumab on the inflammatory markers most impacted by COVID-19. Alongside standards of care, melatonin, vitamin D3, and meditation should be considered for treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.Keywords: COVID-19, inflammation, cytokine storm, effect size, antivirals, corticosteroids, melatonin, vitamin D, meditation, whole health
format	article
author	Castle RD Williams MA Bushell WC Rindfleisch JA Peterson CT Marzolf J Brouwer K Mills PJ
author_facet	Castle RD Williams MA Bushell WC Rindfleisch JA Peterson CT Marzolf J Brouwer K Mills PJ
author_sort	Castle RD
title	Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
title_short	Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
title_full	Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
title_fullStr	Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
title_full_unstemmed	Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation
title_sort	implications for systemic approaches to covid-19: effect sizes of remdesivir, tocilizumab, melatonin, vitamin d3, and meditation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/de9d8c9bfc0840048716e574b24e911a
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Implications for Systemic Approaches to COVID-19: Effect Sizes of Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Melatonin, Vitamin D3, and Meditation

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