The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study

The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study

India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recr...

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Autores principales: Konrad Siegert, Welmoed van Loon, Prabhanjan P Gai, Jessica L Rohmann, Marco Piccininni, Anatol-Fiete Näher, Archith Boloor, Damodara Shenoy, Chakrapani Mahabala, Suyamindra S Kulkarni, Arun Kumar, Jacob Wedam, Pramod Gai, Rajeshwari Devi, Animesh Jain, Tobias Kurth, Frank P Mockenhaupt
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
malaria
India
Mangaluru
urban
socioeconomic
migration
Medicine
R
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/dea87d8134ab4875a2eb240288344155
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Sumario:India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recruited 859 malaria patients presenting at the governmental Wenlock Hospital and 2190 asymptomatic community controls. We assessed clinical, parasitological, and socioeconomic data. Among patients, <i>p. vivax</i> mono-infection (70.1%) predominated. Most patients were male (93%), adult (median, 27 years), had no or low-level education (70.3%), and 57.1% were daily labourers or construction workers. In controls (59.3% male; median age, 32 years; no/low-level education, 54.5%; daily labourers/construction workers, 41.3%), 4.1% showed asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. The odds of malaria was reduced among those who had completed 10th school grade (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.26–0.42), lived in a building with a tiled roof (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95), and reported recent indoor residual spraying (aOR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04). In contrast, migrant status was a risk factor for malaria (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.60–3.67). Malaria in Mangaluru is influenced by education, housing condition, and migration. Indoor residual spraying greatly contributes to reducing malaria in this community and should be promoted, especially among its marginalised members.

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