The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study

India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recr...

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Autores principales:	Konrad Siegert, Welmoed van Loon, Prabhanjan P Gai, Jessica L Rohmann, Marco Piccininni, Anatol-Fiete Näher, Archith Boloor, Damodara Shenoy, Chakrapani Mahabala, Suyamindra S Kulkarni, Arun Kumar, Jacob Wedam, Pramod Gai, Rajeshwari Devi, Animesh Jain, Tobias Kurth, Frank P Mockenhaupt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	malaria India Mangaluru urban socioeconomic migration Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dea87d8134ab4875a2eb240288344155
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dea87d8134ab4875a2eb2402883441552021-11-25T17:48:57ZThe Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study10.3390/ijerph1822118531660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/dea87d8134ab4875a2eb2402883441552021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11853https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recruited 859 malaria patients presenting at the governmental Wenlock Hospital and 2190 asymptomatic community controls. We assessed clinical, parasitological, and socioeconomic data. Among patients, <i>p. vivax</i> mono-infection (70.1%) predominated. Most patients were male (93%), adult (median, 27 years), had no or low-level education (70.3%), and 57.1% were daily labourers or construction workers. In controls (59.3% male; median age, 32 years; no/low-level education, 54.5%; daily labourers/construction workers, 41.3%), 4.1% showed asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. The odds of malaria was reduced among those who had completed 10th school grade (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.26–0.42), lived in a building with a tiled roof (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95), and reported recent indoor residual spraying (aOR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04). In contrast, migrant status was a risk factor for malaria (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.60–3.67). Malaria in Mangaluru is influenced by education, housing condition, and migration. Indoor residual spraying greatly contributes to reducing malaria in this community and should be promoted, especially among its marginalised members.Konrad SiegertWelmoed van LoonPrabhanjan P GaiJessica L RohmannMarco PiccininniAnatol-Fiete NäherArchith BoloorDamodara ShenoyChakrapani MahabalaSuyamindra S KulkarniArun KumarJacob WedamPramod GaiRajeshwari DeviAnimesh JainTobias KurthFrank P MockenhauptMDPI AGarticlemalariaIndiaMangaluruurbansocioeconomicmigrationMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11853, p 11853 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria India Mangaluru urban socioeconomic migration Medicine R
spellingShingle	malaria India Mangaluru urban socioeconomic migration Medicine R Konrad Siegert Welmoed van Loon Prabhanjan P Gai Jessica L Rohmann Marco Piccininni Anatol-Fiete Näher Archith Boloor Damodara Shenoy Chakrapani Mahabala Suyamindra S Kulkarni Arun Kumar Jacob Wedam Pramod Gai Rajeshwari Devi Animesh Jain Tobias Kurth Frank P Mockenhaupt The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
description	India faces 0.5 million malaria cases annually, including half of all <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria cases worldwide. This case–control study assessed socioeconomic determinants of urban malaria in coastal Mangaluru, Karnataka, southwestern India. Between June and December 2015, we recruited 859 malaria patients presenting at the governmental Wenlock Hospital and 2190 asymptomatic community controls. We assessed clinical, parasitological, and socioeconomic data. Among patients, <i>p. vivax</i> mono-infection (70.1%) predominated. Most patients were male (93%), adult (median, 27 years), had no or low-level education (70.3%), and 57.1% were daily labourers or construction workers. In controls (59.3% male; median age, 32 years; no/low-level education, 54.5%; daily labourers/construction workers, 41.3%), 4.1% showed asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. The odds of malaria was reduced among those who had completed 10th school grade (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.26–0.42), lived in a building with a tiled roof (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95), and reported recent indoor residual spraying (aOR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.04). In contrast, migrant status was a risk factor for malaria (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.60–3.67). Malaria in Mangaluru is influenced by education, housing condition, and migration. Indoor residual spraying greatly contributes to reducing malaria in this community and should be promoted, especially among its marginalised members.
format	article
author	Konrad Siegert Welmoed van Loon Prabhanjan P Gai Jessica L Rohmann Marco Piccininni Anatol-Fiete Näher Archith Boloor Damodara Shenoy Chakrapani Mahabala Suyamindra S Kulkarni Arun Kumar Jacob Wedam Pramod Gai Rajeshwari Devi Animesh Jain Tobias Kurth Frank P Mockenhaupt
author_facet	Konrad Siegert Welmoed van Loon Prabhanjan P Gai Jessica L Rohmann Marco Piccininni Anatol-Fiete Näher Archith Boloor Damodara Shenoy Chakrapani Mahabala Suyamindra S Kulkarni Arun Kumar Jacob Wedam Pramod Gai Rajeshwari Devi Animesh Jain Tobias Kurth Frank P Mockenhaupt
author_sort	Konrad Siegert
title	The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
title_short	The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
title_full	The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
title_fullStr	The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study
title_sort	effect of socioeconomic factors and indoor residual spraying on malaria in mangaluru, india: a case-control study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dea87d8134ab4875a2eb240288344155
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The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Mangaluru, India: A Case-Control Study

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