Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents

Abstract Chemical biocides have been widely used as marine antifouling agents, but their environmental toxicity impose regulatory restriction on their use. Although various surrogate antifouling biocides have been introduced, their comparative effectiveness has not been well investigated partly due...

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Autores principales:	Bon Il Koo, Yun-Soo Lee, Mintae Seo, Hyung Seok Choi, Geok Leng Seah, Taegu Nam, Yoon Sung Nam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dec17a4a0f324758b80bd65c354d0a15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dec17a4a0f324758b80bd65c354d0a152021-12-02T12:30:35ZImage Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents10.1038/s41598-017-07362-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/dec17a4a0f324758b80bd65c354d0a152017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07362-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Chemical biocides have been widely used as marine antifouling agents, but their environmental toxicity impose regulatory restriction on their use. Although various surrogate antifouling biocides have been introduced, their comparative effectiveness has not been well investigated partly due to the difficulty of quantitative evaluation of their antifouling activity. Here we report an image cytometric method to quantitatively analyze the antifouling activities of seven commercial biocides using Ulva prolifera as a target organism, which is known to be a dominant marine species causing soft fouling. The number of spores settled on a substrate is determined through image analysis using the intrinsic fluorescence of chlorophylls in the spores. Pre-determined sets of size and shape of spores allow for the precise determination of the number of settled spores. The effects of biocide concentration and combination of different biocides on the spore settlement are examined. No significant morphological changes of Ulva spores are observed, but the amount of adhesive pad materials is appreciably decreased in the presence of biocides. It is revealed that the growth rate of Ulva is not directly correlated with the antifouling activities against the settlement of Ulva spores. This work suggests that image cytometric analysis is a very convenient, fast-processable method to directly analyze the antifouling effects of biocides and coating materials.Bon Il KooYun-Soo LeeMintae SeoHyung Seok ChoiGeok Leng SeahTaegu NamYoon Sung NamNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bon Il Koo Yun-Soo Lee Mintae Seo Hyung Seok Choi Geok Leng Seah Taegu Nam Yoon Sung Nam Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
description	Abstract Chemical biocides have been widely used as marine antifouling agents, but their environmental toxicity impose regulatory restriction on their use. Although various surrogate antifouling biocides have been introduced, their comparative effectiveness has not been well investigated partly due to the difficulty of quantitative evaluation of their antifouling activity. Here we report an image cytometric method to quantitatively analyze the antifouling activities of seven commercial biocides using Ulva prolifera as a target organism, which is known to be a dominant marine species causing soft fouling. The number of spores settled on a substrate is determined through image analysis using the intrinsic fluorescence of chlorophylls in the spores. Pre-determined sets of size and shape of spores allow for the precise determination of the number of settled spores. The effects of biocide concentration and combination of different biocides on the spore settlement are examined. No significant morphological changes of Ulva spores are observed, but the amount of adhesive pad materials is appreciably decreased in the presence of biocides. It is revealed that the growth rate of Ulva is not directly correlated with the antifouling activities against the settlement of Ulva spores. This work suggests that image cytometric analysis is a very convenient, fast-processable method to directly analyze the antifouling effects of biocides and coating materials.
format	article
author	Bon Il Koo Yun-Soo Lee Mintae Seo Hyung Seok Choi Geok Leng Seah Taegu Nam Yoon Sung Nam
author_facet	Bon Il Koo Yun-Soo Lee Mintae Seo Hyung Seok Choi Geok Leng Seah Taegu Nam Yoon Sung Nam
author_sort	Bon Il Koo
title	Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
title_short	Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
title_full	Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
title_fullStr	Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
title_full_unstemmed	Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents
title_sort	image cytometric analysis of algal spores for evaluation of antifouling activities of biocidal agents
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/dec17a4a0f324758b80bd65c354d0a15
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Image Cytometric Analysis of Algal Spores for Evaluation of Antifouling Activities of Biocidal Agents

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