Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil

The Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) has a high rate of deaths from lightning strikes (18% of the country’s total). The region has states, such as Piauí, with high mortality rates (1.8 deaths per million), much higher than the national rate (0.8) and the NEB rate (0.5). In this sense, the present wo...

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Autores principales:	Lizandro Pereira de Abreu, Weber Andrade Gonçalves, Enrique Vieira Mattos, Pedro Rodrigues Mutti, Daniele Torres Rodrigues, Marcos Paulo Araújo da Silva
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	LIS TRMM cloud microphysics thunderclouds remote sensing Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/decb87f45a3c4ebf96ed0096eca4e07c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:decb87f45a3c4ebf96ed0096eca4e07c2021-11-11T18:59:31ZClouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil10.3390/rs132144912072-4292https://doaj.org/article/decb87f45a3c4ebf96ed0096eca4e07c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4491https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) has a high rate of deaths from lightning strikes (18% of the country’s total). The region has states, such as Piauí, with high mortality rates (1.8 deaths per million), much higher than the national rate (0.8) and the NEB rate (0.5). In this sense, the present work analyzes the microphysical characteristics of clouds with and without the occurrence of total lightning. For this purpose, data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR), aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite from 1998 to 2013 were used. The TRMM data were analyzed to establish a relationship between the occurrence of lightning and the clouds’ microphysical characteristics, comparing them as a function of lightning occurrence classes, spatial location and atmospheric profiles. A higher lightning occurrence is associated with higher values of ice water path (>38.9 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), rain water path (>2 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), convective precipitation (>5 mm h<sup>−1</sup>) and surface precipitation (>7 mm h<sup>−1</sup>), in addition to slightly higher freezing level height values. Reflectivity observations (>36 dBZ) demonstrated typical convective profile curves, with higher values associated with classes with higher lightning densities (class with more than 6.8 flash km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>).Lizandro Pereira de AbreuWeber Andrade GonçalvesEnrique Vieira MattosPedro Rodrigues MuttiDaniele Torres RodriguesMarcos Paulo Araújo da SilvaMDPI AGarticleLISTRMMcloud microphysicsthundercloudsremote sensingScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4491, p 4491 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	LIS TRMM cloud microphysics thunderclouds remote sensing Science Q
spellingShingle	LIS TRMM cloud microphysics thunderclouds remote sensing Science Q Lizandro Pereira de Abreu Weber Andrade Gonçalves Enrique Vieira Mattos Pedro Rodrigues Mutti Daniele Torres Rodrigues Marcos Paulo Araújo da Silva Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
description	The Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) has a high rate of deaths from lightning strikes (18% of the country’s total). The region has states, such as Piauí, with high mortality rates (1.8 deaths per million), much higher than the national rate (0.8) and the NEB rate (0.5). In this sense, the present work analyzes the microphysical characteristics of clouds with and without the occurrence of total lightning. For this purpose, data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR), aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite from 1998 to 2013 were used. The TRMM data were analyzed to establish a relationship between the occurrence of lightning and the clouds’ microphysical characteristics, comparing them as a function of lightning occurrence classes, spatial location and atmospheric profiles. A higher lightning occurrence is associated with higher values of ice water path (>38.9 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), rain water path (>2 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), convective precipitation (>5 mm h<sup>−1</sup>) and surface precipitation (>7 mm h<sup>−1</sup>), in addition to slightly higher freezing level height values. Reflectivity observations (>36 dBZ) demonstrated typical convective profile curves, with higher values associated with classes with higher lightning densities (class with more than 6.8 flash km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>).
format	article
author	Lizandro Pereira de Abreu Weber Andrade Gonçalves Enrique Vieira Mattos Pedro Rodrigues Mutti Daniele Torres Rodrigues Marcos Paulo Araújo da Silva
author_facet	Lizandro Pereira de Abreu Weber Andrade Gonçalves Enrique Vieira Mattos Pedro Rodrigues Mutti Daniele Torres Rodrigues Marcos Paulo Araújo da Silva
author_sort	Lizandro Pereira de Abreu
title	Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
title_short	Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
title_full	Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
title_fullStr	Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
title_full_unstemmed	Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil
title_sort	clouds’ microphysical properties and their relationship with lightning activity in northeast brazil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/decb87f45a3c4ebf96ed0096eca4e07c
work_keys_str_mv	AT lizandropereiradeabreu cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil AT weberandradegoncalves cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil AT enriquevieiramattos cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil AT pedrorodriguesmutti cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil AT danieletorresrodrigues cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil AT marcospauloaraujodasilva cloudsmicrophysicalpropertiesandtheirrelationshipwithlightningactivityinnortheastbrazil
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Clouds’ Microphysical Properties and Their Relationship with Lightning Activity in Northeast Brazil

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