Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies

Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries on the globe. The country is frequently affected by numerous climatic events including floods, droughts, cyclones, etc., which damages the farm household’s livelihood and socio-economic condition. Therefore, this work intends to appraise the...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah Al Mamun, Susmita Roy, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, G. M. Monirul Alam, Edris Alam, Subodh Chandra Pal, Md. Abdus Sattar, Javed Mallick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	agriculture Bangladesh climate change multinominal logit model risk perception index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/deea5fda7ade4cbbad1e3d519bf111ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:deea5fda7ade4cbbad1e3d519bf111ba2021-11-11T19:36:38ZSmallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies10.3390/su1321119222071-1050https://doaj.org/article/deea5fda7ade4cbbad1e3d519bf111ba2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11922https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries on the globe. The country is frequently affected by numerous climatic events including floods, droughts, cyclones, etc., which damages the farm household’s livelihood and socio-economic condition. Therefore, this work intends to appraise the smallholder farmers’ perceived climate-related risk, impact, and the factors that influence their choices of adaptation strategies to cope with the adverse impact of the climatic extreme events in northern Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 300 respondents from two drought-prone districts of northern Bangladesh in January–February 2020. The climate-related risk perception index (CRRPI) was constructed to assess the farmers’ perceived risk. The multinominal logit (MNL) model was employed to explore the factors influencing farmers’ choices of adaptation strategies. Farmers’ perceptions of climate change risk were found to be consistent with meteorological data in the research area. Results of the CRRPI revealed that flood, drought, riverbank erosion, and heat waves were the critical risks perceived by the farmers. Farmers used a variety of adaptation measures to deal with these climatic threats, including agricultural diversification, changes in fertilizer and insecticides, and crop and seed changes. The MNL model results showed that the factors that influenced a farmer’s choices of adaptation strategies were age, education level, family members, income level, year of farming experience, and the farmer’s information on climate change. This study also demonstrated that water scarcity in the dry period and the frequency of crop diseases were the major limiting factors experienced by the farmers whilst undertaking adaptation strategies. Thus, awareness and capacity building through training and support to adopt the adaptation strategies are essential to enhance the resilience of the farmers.Abdullah Al MamunSusmita RoyAbu Reza Md. Towfiqul IslamG. M. Monirul AlamEdris AlamSubodh Chandra PalMd. Abdus SattarJaved MallickMDPI AGarticleagricultureBangladeshclimate changemultinominal logit modelrisk perception indexEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11922, p 11922 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agriculture Bangladesh climate change multinominal logit model risk perception index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	agriculture Bangladesh climate change multinominal logit model risk perception index Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Abdullah Al Mamun Susmita Roy Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam G. M. Monirul Alam Edris Alam Subodh Chandra Pal Md. Abdus Sattar Javed Mallick Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
description	Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries on the globe. The country is frequently affected by numerous climatic events including floods, droughts, cyclones, etc., which damages the farm household’s livelihood and socio-economic condition. Therefore, this work intends to appraise the smallholder farmers’ perceived climate-related risk, impact, and the factors that influence their choices of adaptation strategies to cope with the adverse impact of the climatic extreme events in northern Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 300 respondents from two drought-prone districts of northern Bangladesh in January–February 2020. The climate-related risk perception index (CRRPI) was constructed to assess the farmers’ perceived risk. The multinominal logit (MNL) model was employed to explore the factors influencing farmers’ choices of adaptation strategies. Farmers’ perceptions of climate change risk were found to be consistent with meteorological data in the research area. Results of the CRRPI revealed that flood, drought, riverbank erosion, and heat waves were the critical risks perceived by the farmers. Farmers used a variety of adaptation measures to deal with these climatic threats, including agricultural diversification, changes in fertilizer and insecticides, and crop and seed changes. The MNL model results showed that the factors that influenced a farmer’s choices of adaptation strategies were age, education level, family members, income level, year of farming experience, and the farmer’s information on climate change. This study also demonstrated that water scarcity in the dry period and the frequency of crop diseases were the major limiting factors experienced by the farmers whilst undertaking adaptation strategies. Thus, awareness and capacity building through training and support to adopt the adaptation strategies are essential to enhance the resilience of the farmers.
format	article
author	Abdullah Al Mamun Susmita Roy Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam G. M. Monirul Alam Edris Alam Subodh Chandra Pal Md. Abdus Sattar Javed Mallick
author_facet	Abdullah Al Mamun Susmita Roy Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam G. M. Monirul Alam Edris Alam Subodh Chandra Pal Md. Abdus Sattar Javed Mallick
author_sort	Abdullah Al Mamun
title	Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
title_short	Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
title_full	Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
title_fullStr	Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies
title_sort	smallholder farmers’ perceived climate-related risk, impact, and their choices of sustainable adaptation strategies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/deea5fda7ade4cbbad1e3d519bf111ba
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Smallholder Farmers’ Perceived Climate-Related Risk, Impact, and Their Choices of Sustainable Adaptation Strategies

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