Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus

Abstract Amphibian skin is rich in mucous glands and poison glands, secreting substances important for gas exchange and playing a fundamental role in chemical defense against predators and microorganisms. In the caecilian Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1920) we observed a concentration of enlarged muco...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Jared, Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana, Rafael Marques-Porto, Juliana Mozer Sciani, Daniel Carvalho Pimenta, Edmund D. Brodie, Marta Maria Antoniazzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/def53cb531c742b188a2f9543487e1fd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:def53cb531c742b188a2f9543487e1fd2021-12-02T11:40:16ZSkin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus10.1038/s41598-018-22005-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/def53cb531c742b188a2f9543487e1fd2018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22005-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Amphibian skin is rich in mucous glands and poison glands, secreting substances important for gas exchange and playing a fundamental role in chemical defense against predators and microorganisms. In the caecilian Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1920) we observed a concentration of enlarged mucous glands in the head region. In the posterior region of the body a similar concentration is made up of enlarged poison glands. These accumulations of glands structurally resemble the macroglands previously reported in anurans and salamanders. The skin glands in these regions are each surrounded by collagen walls forming a honeycomb-like structure. The collagen network in the head region firmly attaches to tiny pits in the bones of the skull. The two extremities of the body produce different secretions, containing exclusive molecules. Considering the fossorial lifestyle of caecilians, it seems evident that the secretions of the head and caudal region serve different functions. The anterior macrogland of mucous glands, rich in mucous/lipid secretion, in conjunction with the funnel-shaped head, may act to lubricate the body and penetrate the soil, thus facilitating locomotion underground. The blunt posterior end bearing an internalized macrogland of poison glands in the dermis may act in chemical defense and/or by blocking invasion of tunnels.Carlos JaredPedro Luiz Mailho-FontanaRafael Marques-PortoJuliana Mozer ScianiDaniel Carvalho PimentaEdmund D. BrodieMarta Maria AntoniazziNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carlos Jared Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana Rafael Marques-Porto Juliana Mozer Sciani Daniel Carvalho Pimenta Edmund D. Brodie Marta Maria Antoniazzi Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
description	Abstract Amphibian skin is rich in mucous glands and poison glands, secreting substances important for gas exchange and playing a fundamental role in chemical defense against predators and microorganisms. In the caecilian Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1920) we observed a concentration of enlarged mucous glands in the head region. In the posterior region of the body a similar concentration is made up of enlarged poison glands. These accumulations of glands structurally resemble the macroglands previously reported in anurans and salamanders. The skin glands in these regions are each surrounded by collagen walls forming a honeycomb-like structure. The collagen network in the head region firmly attaches to tiny pits in the bones of the skull. The two extremities of the body produce different secretions, containing exclusive molecules. Considering the fossorial lifestyle of caecilians, it seems evident that the secretions of the head and caudal region serve different functions. The anterior macrogland of mucous glands, rich in mucous/lipid secretion, in conjunction with the funnel-shaped head, may act to lubricate the body and penetrate the soil, thus facilitating locomotion underground. The blunt posterior end bearing an internalized macrogland of poison glands in the dermis may act in chemical defense and/or by blocking invasion of tunnels.
format	article
author	Carlos Jared Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana Rafael Marques-Porto Juliana Mozer Sciani Daniel Carvalho Pimenta Edmund D. Brodie Marta Maria Antoniazzi
author_facet	Carlos Jared Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana Rafael Marques-Porto Juliana Mozer Sciani Daniel Carvalho Pimenta Edmund D. Brodie Marta Maria Antoniazzi
author_sort	Carlos Jared
title	Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
title_short	Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
title_full	Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
title_fullStr	Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
title_full_unstemmed	Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus
title_sort	skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian siphonops annulatus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/def53cb531c742b188a2f9543487e1fd
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Skin gland concentrations adapted to different evolutionary pressures in the head and posterior regions of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus

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