Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps

Water resources are scarce in arid or semiarid areas; groundwater is an important water source to maintain residents’ lives and the social economy; and identifying the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its seasonal changes is a prerequisite for sustainable use and protection of gro...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Chu Wu, Xiong Wu, Chuiyu Lu, Qingyan Sun, Xin He, Lingjia Yan, Tao Qin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	self-organizing map hydrogeochemistry seasonal variation cluster analysis Hongjiannao Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/defdcac1f3bb40bdac81f723b11f660a
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:defdcac1f3bb40bdac81f723b11f660a
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:defdcac1f3bb40bdac81f723b11f660a2021-11-11T19:56:13ZHydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps10.3390/w132130652073-4441https://doaj.org/article/defdcac1f3bb40bdac81f723b11f660a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3065https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Water resources are scarce in arid or semiarid areas; groundwater is an important water source to maintain residents’ lives and the social economy; and identifying the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its seasonal changes is a prerequisite for sustainable use and protection of groundwater. This study takes the Hongjiannao Basin as an example, and the Piper diagram, the Gibbs diagram, the Gaillardet diagram, the Chlor-alkali index, the saturation index, and the ion ratio were used to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater. Meanwhile, based on self-organizing maps (SOM), quantification error (QE), topological error (TE), and the K-means algorithm, groundwater chemical data analysis was carried out to explore its seasonal variability. The results show that (1) the formation of groundwater chemistry in the study area was controlled by water–rock interactions and cation exchange, and the hydrochemical facies were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca type, HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na type, and Cl-Na type. (2) Groundwater chemical composition was mainly controlled by silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution, and the dissolution of halite, gypsum, and fluorite dominated the contribution of ions, while most dolomite and calcite were in a precipitated state or were reactive minerals. (3) All groundwater samples in wet and dry seasons were divided into five clusters, and the hydrochemical facies of clusters 1, 2, and 3 were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca type; cluster 4 was HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na type; and cluster 5 was Cl-Na type. (4) Thirty samples changed in the same clusters, and the groundwater chemistry characteristics of nine samples showed obvious seasonal variability, while the seasonal changes of groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics were not significant.Chu WuXiong WuChuiyu LuQingyan SunXin HeLingjia YanTao QinMDPI AGarticleself-organizing maphydrogeochemistryseasonal variationcluster analysisHongjiannaoHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3065, p 3065 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	self-organizing map hydrogeochemistry seasonal variation cluster analysis Hongjiannao Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	self-organizing map hydrogeochemistry seasonal variation cluster analysis Hongjiannao Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Chu Wu Xiong Wu Chuiyu Lu Qingyan Sun Xin He Lingjia Yan Tao Qin Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
description	Water resources are scarce in arid or semiarid areas; groundwater is an important water source to maintain residents’ lives and the social economy; and identifying the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its seasonal changes is a prerequisite for sustainable use and protection of groundwater. This study takes the Hongjiannao Basin as an example, and the Piper diagram, the Gibbs diagram, the Gaillardet diagram, the Chlor-alkali index, the saturation index, and the ion ratio were used to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater. Meanwhile, based on self-organizing maps (SOM), quantification error (QE), topological error (TE), and the K-means algorithm, groundwater chemical data analysis was carried out to explore its seasonal variability. The results show that (1) the formation of groundwater chemistry in the study area was controlled by water–rock interactions and cation exchange, and the hydrochemical facies were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca type, HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na type, and Cl-Na type. (2) Groundwater chemical composition was mainly controlled by silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution, and the dissolution of halite, gypsum, and fluorite dominated the contribution of ions, while most dolomite and calcite were in a precipitated state or were reactive minerals. (3) All groundwater samples in wet and dry seasons were divided into five clusters, and the hydrochemical facies of clusters 1, 2, and 3 were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca type; cluster 4 was HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na type; and cluster 5 was Cl-Na type. (4) Thirty samples changed in the same clusters, and the groundwater chemistry characteristics of nine samples showed obvious seasonal variability, while the seasonal changes of groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics were not significant.
format	article
author	Chu Wu Xiong Wu Chuiyu Lu Qingyan Sun Xin He Lingjia Yan Tao Qin
author_facet	Chu Wu Xiong Wu Chuiyu Lu Qingyan Sun Xin He Lingjia Yan Tao Qin
author_sort	Chu Wu
title	Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
title_short	Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
title_full	Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
title_fullStr	Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
title_full_unstemmed	Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps
title_sort	hydrogeochemical characterization and its seasonal changes of groundwater based on self-organizing maps
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/defdcac1f3bb40bdac81f723b11f660a
work_keys_str_mv	AT chuwu hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT xiongwu hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT chuiyulu hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT qingyansun hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT xinhe hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT lingjiayan hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps AT taoqin hydrogeochemicalcharacterizationanditsseasonalchangesofgroundwaterbasedonselforganizingmaps
_version_	1718431379193069568

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Its Seasonal Changes of Groundwater Based on Self-Organizing Maps

Ejemplares similares