Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.

Morphology of organisms is an essential source of evidence for taxonomic decisions and understanding of ecology and evolutionary history. The geometric structure (i.e., numeric description of shape) provides richer and mathematically different information about an organism's morphology than lin...

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Autores principales:	Alexander Ordynets, Sarah Keßler, Ewald Langer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/defed4c8090b4611b885b31f447fd49f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:defed4c8090b4611b885b31f447fd49f2021-12-02T20:18:43ZGeometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250477https://doaj.org/article/defed4c8090b4611b885b31f447fd49f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250477https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Morphology of organisms is an essential source of evidence for taxonomic decisions and understanding of ecology and evolutionary history. The geometric structure (i.e., numeric description of shape) provides richer and mathematically different information about an organism's morphology than linear measurements. A little is known on how these two sources of morphological information (shape vs. size) contribute to the identification of organisms when implied simultaneously. This study hypothesized that combining geometric information on the outline with linear measurements results in better species identification than either evidence alone can provide. As a test system for our research, we used the microscopic spores of fungi from the genus Subulicystidium (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). We analyzed 2D spore shape data via elliptic Fourier and principal component analyses. Using flexible discriminant analysis, we achieved the highest species identification success rate for a combination of shape and size descriptors (64.7%). The shape descriptors alone predicted species slightly better than size descriptors (61.5% vs. 59.1%). We conclude that adding geometric information on the outline to linear measurements improves the identification of the organisms. Despite the high relevance of spore traits for the taxonomy of fungi, they were previously rarely analyzed with the tools of geometric morphometrics. Therefore, we supplement our study with an open access protocol for digitizing and summarizing fungal spores' shape and size information. We propagate a broader use of geometric morphometric analysis for microscopic propagules of fungi and other organisms.Alexander OrdynetsSarah KeßlerEwald LangerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0250477 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexander Ordynets Sarah Keßler Ewald Langer Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
description	Morphology of organisms is an essential source of evidence for taxonomic decisions and understanding of ecology and evolutionary history. The geometric structure (i.e., numeric description of shape) provides richer and mathematically different information about an organism's morphology than linear measurements. A little is known on how these two sources of morphological information (shape vs. size) contribute to the identification of organisms when implied simultaneously. This study hypothesized that combining geometric information on the outline with linear measurements results in better species identification than either evidence alone can provide. As a test system for our research, we used the microscopic spores of fungi from the genus Subulicystidium (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). We analyzed 2D spore shape data via elliptic Fourier and principal component analyses. Using flexible discriminant analysis, we achieved the highest species identification success rate for a combination of shape and size descriptors (64.7%). The shape descriptors alone predicted species slightly better than size descriptors (61.5% vs. 59.1%). We conclude that adding geometric information on the outline to linear measurements improves the identification of the organisms. Despite the high relevance of spore traits for the taxonomy of fungi, they were previously rarely analyzed with the tools of geometric morphometrics. Therefore, we supplement our study with an open access protocol for digitizing and summarizing fungal spores' shape and size information. We propagate a broader use of geometric morphometric analysis for microscopic propagules of fungi and other organisms.
format	article
author	Alexander Ordynets Sarah Keßler Ewald Langer
author_facet	Alexander Ordynets Sarah Keßler Ewald Langer
author_sort	Alexander Ordynets
title	Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
title_short	Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
title_full	Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
title_fullStr	Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
title_full_unstemmed	Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
title_sort	geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/defed4c8090b4611b885b31f447fd49f
work_keys_str_mv	AT alexanderordynets geometricmorphometricanalysisofsporeshapesimprovesidentificationoffungi AT sarahkeßler geometricmorphometricanalysisofsporeshapesimprovesidentificationoffungi AT ewaldlanger geometricmorphometricanalysisofsporeshapesimprovesidentificationoffungi
_version_	1718374256468819968

Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi.

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