Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging

Abstract In perceptual crowding, a letter easily recognized on its own, becomes unrecognizable if it is surrounded by other letters, an effect that confers a limit on the visual processing. Models assume that crowding is a hallmark of the periphery but that it is almost absent in the fovea. However,...

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Autores principales:	Ziv Siman-Tov, Maria Lev, Uri Polat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/df26bc65712048acbe0b360803ea265d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:df26bc65712048acbe0b360803ea265d2021-12-02T11:37:27ZBinocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging10.1038/s41598-021-83510-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/df26bc65712048acbe0b360803ea265d2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83510-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In perceptual crowding, a letter easily recognized on its own, becomes unrecognizable if it is surrounded by other letters, an effect that confers a limit on the visual processing. Models assume that crowding is a hallmark of the periphery but that it is almost absent in the fovea. However, recently it was shown that crowding occurs in the fovea of people with an abnormal development of functional vision (amblyopia), when the stimulus is presented for a very short time. When targets and flankers are dissimilar, the crowding is reduced (tagging). Since a combination of binocular inputs increases the processing load, we investigated whether color tagging the target reduces crowding in the fovea of subjects with normal vision and determined how crowding is combined with binocular vision. The crowding effect at the fovea was significantly reduced by tagging with a color target. Interestingly, whereas binocular summation for a single letter was expected to be about 40%, it was significantly reduced and almost absent under crowding conditions. Our results are consistent with the notion that the crowding effect produces a high processing load on visual processing, which interferes with other processes such as binocular summation. We assume that the tagging effect in our experiment improved the subject's abilities (sensitivity and RT) by creating a "segmentation", i.e., a visual simulated separation between the target letter and the background. Interestingly, tagging the target with a distinct color can eliminate or reduce the crowding effect and consequently, binocular summation recovers.Ziv Siman-TovMaria LevUri PolatNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ziv Siman-Tov Maria Lev Uri Polat Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
description	Abstract In perceptual crowding, a letter easily recognized on its own, becomes unrecognizable if it is surrounded by other letters, an effect that confers a limit on the visual processing. Models assume that crowding is a hallmark of the periphery but that it is almost absent in the fovea. However, recently it was shown that crowding occurs in the fovea of people with an abnormal development of functional vision (amblyopia), when the stimulus is presented for a very short time. When targets and flankers are dissimilar, the crowding is reduced (tagging). Since a combination of binocular inputs increases the processing load, we investigated whether color tagging the target reduces crowding in the fovea of subjects with normal vision and determined how crowding is combined with binocular vision. The crowding effect at the fovea was significantly reduced by tagging with a color target. Interestingly, whereas binocular summation for a single letter was expected to be about 40%, it was significantly reduced and almost absent under crowding conditions. Our results are consistent with the notion that the crowding effect produces a high processing load on visual processing, which interferes with other processes such as binocular summation. We assume that the tagging effect in our experiment improved the subject's abilities (sensitivity and RT) by creating a "segmentation", i.e., a visual simulated separation between the target letter and the background. Interestingly, tagging the target with a distinct color can eliminate or reduce the crowding effect and consequently, binocular summation recovers.
format	article
author	Ziv Siman-Tov Maria Lev Uri Polat
author_facet	Ziv Siman-Tov Maria Lev Uri Polat
author_sort	Ziv Siman-Tov
title	Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
title_short	Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
title_full	Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
title_fullStr	Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
title_full_unstemmed	Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
title_sort	binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/df26bc65712048acbe0b360803ea265d
work_keys_str_mv	AT zivsimantov binocularsummationisaffectedbycrowdingandtagging AT marialev binocularsummationisaffectedbycrowdingandtagging AT uripolat binocularsummationisaffectedbycrowdingandtagging
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Binocular summation is affected by crowding and tagging

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