Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives

Amal M Osman,1,2 Sophie G Carter,1,2 Jayne C Carberry,1,2 Danny J Eckert1,2 1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), 2School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Abstract: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to rise. So too do the health,...

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Autores principales:	Osman AM, Carter SG, Carberry JC, Eckert DJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Pathophysiology sleep-disordered breathing arousal upper airway physiology control of breathing precision medicine Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/df4dbc7dbb5343bc873f1641fdee92e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:df4dbc7dbb5343bc873f1641fdee92e62021-12-02T04:03:09ZObstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/df4dbc7dbb5343bc873f1641fdee92e62018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/obstructive-sleep-apnea-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Amal M Osman,1,2 Sophie G Carter,1,2 Jayne C Carberry,1,2 Danny J Eckert1,2 1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), 2School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Abstract: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to rise. So too do the health, safety, and economic consequences. On an individual level, the causes and consequences of OSA can vary substantially between patients. In recent years, four key contributors to OSA pathogenesis or “phenotypes” have been characterized. These include a narrow, crowded, or collapsible upper airway “anatomical compromise” and “non-anatomical” contributors such as ineffective pharyngeal dilator muscle function during sleep, a low threshold for arousal to airway narrowing during sleep, and unstable control of breathing (high loop gain). Each of these phenotypes is a target for therapy. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the different contributors to OSA with a focus on measurement techniques including emerging clinical tools designed to facilitate translation of new cause-driven targeted approaches to treat OSA. The potential for some of the specific pathophysiological causes of OSA to drive some of the key symptoms and consequences of OSA is also highlighted. Keywords: pathophysiology, sleep-disordered breathing, arousal, upper airway physiology, control of breathing, precision medicine Osman AMCarter SGCarberry JCEckert DJDove Medical PressarticlePathophysiologysleep-disordered breathingarousalupper airway physiologycontrol of breathingprecision medicinePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 10, Pp 21-34 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pathophysiology sleep-disordered breathing arousal upper airway physiology control of breathing precision medicine Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Pathophysiology sleep-disordered breathing arousal upper airway physiology control of breathing precision medicine Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Osman AM Carter SG Carberry JC Eckert DJ Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
description	Amal M Osman,1,2 Sophie G Carter,1,2 Jayne C Carberry,1,2 Danny J Eckert1,2 1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), 2School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Abstract: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to rise. So too do the health, safety, and economic consequences. On an individual level, the causes and consequences of OSA can vary substantially between patients. In recent years, four key contributors to OSA pathogenesis or “phenotypes” have been characterized. These include a narrow, crowded, or collapsible upper airway “anatomical compromise” and “non-anatomical” contributors such as ineffective pharyngeal dilator muscle function during sleep, a low threshold for arousal to airway narrowing during sleep, and unstable control of breathing (high loop gain). Each of these phenotypes is a target for therapy. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the different contributors to OSA with a focus on measurement techniques including emerging clinical tools designed to facilitate translation of new cause-driven targeted approaches to treat OSA. The potential for some of the specific pathophysiological causes of OSA to drive some of the key symptoms and consequences of OSA is also highlighted. Keywords: pathophysiology, sleep-disordered breathing, arousal, upper airway physiology, control of breathing, precision medicine
format	article
author	Osman AM Carter SG Carberry JC Eckert DJ
author_facet	Osman AM Carter SG Carberry JC Eckert DJ
author_sort	Osman AM
title	Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
title_short	Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
title_full	Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
title_fullStr	Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
title_sort	obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/df4dbc7dbb5343bc873f1641fdee92e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT osmanam obstructivesleepapneacurrentperspectives AT cartersg obstructivesleepapneacurrentperspectives AT carberryjc obstructivesleepapneacurrentperspectives AT eckertdj obstructivesleepapneacurrentperspectives
_version_	1718401462222979072

Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives

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