Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region

In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will be developed into a pit lake. One of the main issue...

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Autores principales:	Edy Jamal Tuheteru, Rudy Sayoga Gautama, Ginting Jalu Kusuma, Arno Adi Kuntoro, Kris Pranoto, Yosef Palinggi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hydrology model pit lake equator area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/df819f64f9b3425ea06fd3e3f3ab6137
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:df819f64f9b3425ea06fd3e3f3ab61372021-11-11T19:57:29ZWater Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region10.3390/w132131062073-4441https://doaj.org/article/df819f64f9b3425ea06fd3e3f3ab61372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3106https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will be developed into a pit lake. One of the main issues in developing a pit lake is the understanding of the pit lake filling process. This paper discusses the hydrological model in filling the mineout void in a coal mine in Kalimantan which is located close to the equatorial line. The J-void is a mineout coal pit that is 3000 m long and 1000 m wide, with a maximum depth of 145 m. The development of the J-void pit lake after the last load of coal had been mined out experienced a dynamic process, such as backfilling activities with an overburden as well as pumping mine water from the surrounding pits. There are two components in the model, i.e., overland/subsurface and pit area. The overland zone is simulated using the Rainfall-Runoff NRECA Hydrological Model approach to determine the runoff and groundwater components, whereas the pit area is affected by direct rainfall and evaporation. The model is validated with the observation data. The main source of water in the J-void pit lake is rainwater, both from the surrounding catchment area as well as direct rainfall. As this coal mine area is characterized as a multi-pit area and, consequently, several pit lakes will be formed in the future, the result of the hydrological model is very useful in planning the future pit lakes.Edy Jamal TuheteruRudy Sayoga GautamaGinting Jalu KusumaArno Adi KuntoroKris PranotoYosef PalinggiMDPI AGarticlehydrology modelpit lakeequator areaHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3106, p 3106 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydrology model pit lake equator area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	hydrology model pit lake equator area Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Edy Jamal Tuheteru Rudy Sayoga Gautama Ginting Jalu Kusuma Arno Adi Kuntoro Kris Pranoto Yosef Palinggi Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
description	In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will be developed into a pit lake. One of the main issues in developing a pit lake is the understanding of the pit lake filling process. This paper discusses the hydrological model in filling the mineout void in a coal mine in Kalimantan which is located close to the equatorial line. The J-void is a mineout coal pit that is 3000 m long and 1000 m wide, with a maximum depth of 145 m. The development of the J-void pit lake after the last load of coal had been mined out experienced a dynamic process, such as backfilling activities with an overburden as well as pumping mine water from the surrounding pits. There are two components in the model, i.e., overland/subsurface and pit area. The overland zone is simulated using the Rainfall-Runoff NRECA Hydrological Model approach to determine the runoff and groundwater components, whereas the pit area is affected by direct rainfall and evaporation. The model is validated with the observation data. The main source of water in the J-void pit lake is rainwater, both from the surrounding catchment area as well as direct rainfall. As this coal mine area is characterized as a multi-pit area and, consequently, several pit lakes will be formed in the future, the result of the hydrological model is very useful in planning the future pit lakes.
format	article
author	Edy Jamal Tuheteru Rudy Sayoga Gautama Ginting Jalu Kusuma Arno Adi Kuntoro Kris Pranoto Yosef Palinggi
author_facet	Edy Jamal Tuheteru Rudy Sayoga Gautama Ginting Jalu Kusuma Arno Adi Kuntoro Kris Pranoto Yosef Palinggi
author_sort	Edy Jamal Tuheteru
title	Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
title_short	Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
title_full	Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
title_fullStr	Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
title_full_unstemmed	Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region
title_sort	water balance of pit lake development in the equatorial region
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/df819f64f9b3425ea06fd3e3f3ab6137
work_keys_str_mv	AT edyjamaltuheteru waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion AT rudysayogagautama waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion AT gintingjalukusuma waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion AT arnoadikuntoro waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion AT krispranoto waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion AT yosefpalinggi waterbalanceofpitlakedevelopmentintheequatorialregion
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Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region

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