Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites

The aim of this study was to compare three different light-curing-units (LCUs) and determine their effectiveness in the adhesive cementation of indirect composite restorations when a light-curing resin cement is used. Two resin composites were selected: Enamel Plus HRI (Micerium) and AURA (SDI). Thr...

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Autores principales:	Francesco De Angelis, Mirco Vadini, Mario Capogreco, Camillo D’Arcangelo, Maurizio D’Amario
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cementation hardness indirect restoration light-curing units luting resin-based luting cements Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/df9b3183394e4282af3de969fc01791d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:df9b3183394e4282af3de969fc01791d2021-11-25T18:14:06ZEffect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites10.3390/ma142268491996-1944https://doaj.org/article/df9b3183394e4282af3de969fc01791d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6849https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The aim of this study was to compare three different light-curing-units (LCUs) and determine their effectiveness in the adhesive cementation of indirect composite restorations when a light-curing resin cement is used. Two resin composites were selected: Enamel Plus HRI (Micerium) and AURA (SDI). Three thicknesses (3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm) were produced and applied as overlays and underlays for each resin composite. A standardized composite layer was placed between underlay and overlay surfaces. Light curing of the resin-based luting composites was attained through the overlay filters using LCUs for different exposure times. All specimens were allocated to experimental groups according to the overlay thickness, curing unit and curing time. Vickers Hardness (VH) notches were carried out on each specimen. Data were statistically evaluated. The curing unit, curing time and overlay thickness were significant factors capable of influencing VH values. The results showed significantly decreased VH values with increasing specimen thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant differences in VH values were found amongst the LCUs for the various exposure times (<i>p</i> < 0.05). According to the results, a time of cure shorter than 80 s (with a conventional quartz–tungsten–halogen LCU) or shorter than 40 s (with a high-power light-emitting diode (LED) LCU) is not recommended. The only subgroup achieving clinically acceptable VH values after a short 20 s curing time included the 3 mm-thick overlays made out of the AURA composite, when the high-power LED LCU unit was used (VH 51.0). Composite thickness has an intense effect on polymerization. In clinical practice, light-cured resin cements may result in insufficient polymerization for high thickness and inadequate times. High-intensity curing lights can attain the sufficient polymerization of resin cements through overlays in a significantly shorter time than conventional halogen light.Francesco De AngelisMirco VadiniMario CapogrecoCamillo D’ArcangeloMaurizio D’AmarioMDPI AGarticlecementationhardnessindirect restorationlight-curing unitslutingresin-based luting cementsTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6849, p 6849 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cementation hardness indirect restoration light-curing units luting resin-based luting cements Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	cementation hardness indirect restoration light-curing units luting resin-based luting cements Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Francesco De Angelis Mirco Vadini Mario Capogreco Camillo D’Arcangelo Maurizio D’Amario Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
description	The aim of this study was to compare three different light-curing-units (LCUs) and determine their effectiveness in the adhesive cementation of indirect composite restorations when a light-curing resin cement is used. Two resin composites were selected: Enamel Plus HRI (Micerium) and AURA (SDI). Three thicknesses (3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm) were produced and applied as overlays and underlays for each resin composite. A standardized composite layer was placed between underlay and overlay surfaces. Light curing of the resin-based luting composites was attained through the overlay filters using LCUs for different exposure times. All specimens were allocated to experimental groups according to the overlay thickness, curing unit and curing time. Vickers Hardness (VH) notches were carried out on each specimen. Data were statistically evaluated. The curing unit, curing time and overlay thickness were significant factors capable of influencing VH values. The results showed significantly decreased VH values with increasing specimen thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant differences in VH values were found amongst the LCUs for the various exposure times (<i>p</i> < 0.05). According to the results, a time of cure shorter than 80 s (with a conventional quartz–tungsten–halogen LCU) or shorter than 40 s (with a high-power light-emitting diode (LED) LCU) is not recommended. The only subgroup achieving clinically acceptable VH values after a short 20 s curing time included the 3 mm-thick overlays made out of the AURA composite, when the high-power LED LCU unit was used (VH 51.0). Composite thickness has an intense effect on polymerization. In clinical practice, light-cured resin cements may result in insufficient polymerization for high thickness and inadequate times. High-intensity curing lights can attain the sufficient polymerization of resin cements through overlays in a significantly shorter time than conventional halogen light.
format	article
author	Francesco De Angelis Mirco Vadini Mario Capogreco Camillo D’Arcangelo Maurizio D’Amario
author_facet	Francesco De Angelis Mirco Vadini Mario Capogreco Camillo D’Arcangelo Maurizio D’Amario
author_sort	Francesco De Angelis
title	Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
title_short	Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
title_full	Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
title_fullStr	Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites
title_sort	effect of light-sources and thicknesses of composite onlays on micro-hardness of luting composites
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/df9b3183394e4282af3de969fc01791d
work_keys_str_mv	AT francescodeangelis effectoflightsourcesandthicknessesofcompositeonlaysonmicrohardnessoflutingcomposites AT mircovadini effectoflightsourcesandthicknessesofcompositeonlaysonmicrohardnessoflutingcomposites AT mariocapogreco effectoflightsourcesandthicknessesofcompositeonlaysonmicrohardnessoflutingcomposites AT camillodarcangelo effectoflightsourcesandthicknessesofcompositeonlaysonmicrohardnessoflutingcomposites AT mauriziodamario effectoflightsourcesandthicknessesofcompositeonlaysonmicrohardnessoflutingcomposites
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Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites

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