The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data

One recent trend in optical remote sensing is to increase observation frequencies. However, there are still challenges on the night side when sunlight is not available. Due to their powerful capabilities in low-light sensing, nightlight satellite sensors have been deployed to capture nightscapes of...

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Autores principales:	Di Liu, Qingling Zhang, Jiao Wang, Yifang Wang, Yanyun Shen, Yanmin Shuai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	moonlight remote sensing VIIRS/DNB ISS UAV land surface next-generation moonlight sensors Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/df9d2c59f7084ed99aa6aefbf38aa8c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:df9d2c59f7084ed99aa6aefbf38aa8c82021-11-25T18:55:00ZThe Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data10.3390/rs132246392072-4292https://doaj.org/article/df9d2c59f7084ed99aa6aefbf38aa8c82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4639https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292One recent trend in optical remote sensing is to increase observation frequencies. However, there are still challenges on the night side when sunlight is not available. Due to their powerful capabilities in low-light sensing, nightlight satellite sensors have been deployed to capture nightscapes of Earth from space, observing anthropomorphic and natural activities at night. To date, the mainstream of nightlight remote sensing applications has mainly focused on artificial lights, especially within cities or self-luminous bodies, such as fisheries, oil, offshore rigs, etc. Observations taken under moonlight are often discarded or corrected to reduce lunar effects. Some researchers have discussed the possibility of using moonlight as a useful illuminating source at night for the detection of nocturnal features on Earth, but no quantitative analysis has been reported so far. This study aims to systematically evaluate the potential of moonlight remote sensing with mono-spectral Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite/Day-Night-Band (VIIRS/DNB) imagery and multi-spectral photos taken by astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS), as well as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) night-time imagery. Using the VIIRS/DNB, ISS and UAV moonlight images, the possibilities of the moonlight remote sensing were first discussed. Then, the VIIRS/DNB, ISS, UAV images were classified over different non-self-lighting land surfaces to explore the potential of moonlight remote sensing. The overall accuracies (OA) and kappa coefficients are 79.80% and 0.45, 87.16% and 0.77, 91.49% and 0.85, respectively, indicating a capability to characterize land surface that is very similar to daytime remote sensing. Finally, the characteristics of current moonlight remote sensing are discussed in terms of bands, spatial resolutions, and sensors. The results confirm that moonlight remote sensing has huge potential for Earth observation, which will be of great importance to significantly increase the temporal coverage of optical remote sensing during the whole diurnal cycle. Based on these discussions, we further examined requirements for next-generation nightlight remote sensing satellite sensors.Di LiuQingling ZhangJiao WangYifang WangYanyun ShenYanmin ShuaiMDPI AGarticlemoonlight remote sensingVIIRS/DNBISSUAVland surfacenext-generation moonlight sensorsScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4639, p 4639 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	moonlight remote sensing VIIRS/DNB ISS UAV land surface next-generation moonlight sensors Science Q
spellingShingle	moonlight remote sensing VIIRS/DNB ISS UAV land surface next-generation moonlight sensors Science Q Di Liu Qingling Zhang Jiao Wang Yifang Wang Yanyun Shen Yanmin Shuai The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
description	One recent trend in optical remote sensing is to increase observation frequencies. However, there are still challenges on the night side when sunlight is not available. Due to their powerful capabilities in low-light sensing, nightlight satellite sensors have been deployed to capture nightscapes of Earth from space, observing anthropomorphic and natural activities at night. To date, the mainstream of nightlight remote sensing applications has mainly focused on artificial lights, especially within cities or self-luminous bodies, such as fisheries, oil, offshore rigs, etc. Observations taken under moonlight are often discarded or corrected to reduce lunar effects. Some researchers have discussed the possibility of using moonlight as a useful illuminating source at night for the detection of nocturnal features on Earth, but no quantitative analysis has been reported so far. This study aims to systematically evaluate the potential of moonlight remote sensing with mono-spectral Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite/Day-Night-Band (VIIRS/DNB) imagery and multi-spectral photos taken by astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS), as well as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) night-time imagery. Using the VIIRS/DNB, ISS and UAV moonlight images, the possibilities of the moonlight remote sensing were first discussed. Then, the VIIRS/DNB, ISS, UAV images were classified over different non-self-lighting land surfaces to explore the potential of moonlight remote sensing. The overall accuracies (OA) and kappa coefficients are 79.80% and 0.45, 87.16% and 0.77, 91.49% and 0.85, respectively, indicating a capability to characterize land surface that is very similar to daytime remote sensing. Finally, the characteristics of current moonlight remote sensing are discussed in terms of bands, spatial resolutions, and sensors. The results confirm that moonlight remote sensing has huge potential for Earth observation, which will be of great importance to significantly increase the temporal coverage of optical remote sensing during the whole diurnal cycle. Based on these discussions, we further examined requirements for next-generation nightlight remote sensing satellite sensors.
format	article
author	Di Liu Qingling Zhang Jiao Wang Yifang Wang Yanyun Shen Yanmin Shuai
author_facet	Di Liu Qingling Zhang Jiao Wang Yifang Wang Yanyun Shen Yanmin Shuai
author_sort	Di Liu
title	The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
title_short	The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
title_full	The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
title_fullStr	The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
title_full_unstemmed	The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data
title_sort	potential of moonlight remote sensing: a systematic assessment with multi-source nightlight remote sensing data
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/df9d2c59f7084ed99aa6aefbf38aa8c8
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The Potential of Moonlight Remote Sensing: A Systematic Assessment with Multi-Source Nightlight Remote Sensing Data

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