COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment

Whereas the XX century marked the history of acute respiratory disease investigation as a period for generating in-depth system of combating influenza viruses (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alpha-/Betainfluenzavirus) (based on environmental and virological monitoring of influenza A virus in its...

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Autores principales:	M. Yu. Shchelkanov, L. V. Kolobukhina, O. A. Burgasova, I. S. Kruzhkova, V. V. Maleev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2020
Materias:	covid-19 sars-cov-2 2019-ncov coronavirus nidovirales coronaviridae betacoronavirus sarbecovirus clinical features pathogenesis treatment Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dfb3bda56b0144259aefb030bf7edde1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dfb3bda56b0144259aefb030bf7edde12021-11-22T07:09:54ZCOVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-CEC-1473https://doaj.org/article/dfb3bda56b0144259aefb030bf7edde12020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1473https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Whereas the XX century marked the history of acute respiratory disease investigation as a period for generating in-depth system of combating influenza viruses (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alpha-/Betainfluenzavirus) (based on environmental and virological monitoring of influenza A virus in its natural reservoir — aquatic and semi-aquatic birds — to supervising epidemic influenza), a similar system is necessary to build up in the XXI century with regard to especially dangerous betacoronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus): Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (subgenus Sarbecovirus), Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) (Sarbecovirus), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (Merbecovirus). This became particularly evident after pandemic potential has been revealed in 2020 by the SARS-CoV-2. This review provides an insight into the historic timeline of discovering this virus, its current taxonomy, ecology, virion morphology, life cycle, molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the etiologically related COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) as well as data available in the scientific literature on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-effectiveness of passive immunotherapy and most debated drugs used to treat COVID-19: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Camostat mesilate, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, corticosteroids, and type I interferons. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection implicates decreased efficacy of artificial respiration, which, in this case might be replaced by more efficient extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenation supplemented with nitrogen oxide and/or Heliox inhalations.M. Yu. ShchelkanovL. V. KolobukhinaO. A. BurgasovaI. S. KruzhkovaV. V. MaleevSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticlecovid-19sars-cov-22019-ncovcoronavirusnidoviralescoronaviridaebetacoronavirussarbecovirusclinical featurespathogenesistreatmentInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 421-445 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	covid-19 sars-cov-2 2019-ncov coronavirus nidovirales coronaviridae betacoronavirus sarbecovirus clinical features pathogenesis treatment Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	covid-19 sars-cov-2 2019-ncov coronavirus nidovirales coronaviridae betacoronavirus sarbecovirus clinical features pathogenesis treatment Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 M. Yu. Shchelkanov L. V. Kolobukhina O. A. Burgasova I. S. Kruzhkova V. V. Maleev COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
description	Whereas the XX century marked the history of acute respiratory disease investigation as a period for generating in-depth system of combating influenza viruses (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alpha-/Betainfluenzavirus) (based on environmental and virological monitoring of influenza A virus in its natural reservoir — aquatic and semi-aquatic birds — to supervising epidemic influenza), a similar system is necessary to build up in the XXI century with regard to especially dangerous betacoronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus): Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (subgenus Sarbecovirus), Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) (Sarbecovirus), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (Merbecovirus). This became particularly evident after pandemic potential has been revealed in 2020 by the SARS-CoV-2. This review provides an insight into the historic timeline of discovering this virus, its current taxonomy, ecology, virion morphology, life cycle, molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the etiologically related COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) as well as data available in the scientific literature on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-effectiveness of passive immunotherapy and most debated drugs used to treat COVID-19: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Camostat mesilate, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, corticosteroids, and type I interferons. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection implicates decreased efficacy of artificial respiration, which, in this case might be replaced by more efficient extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenation supplemented with nitrogen oxide and/or Heliox inhalations.
format	article
author	M. Yu. Shchelkanov L. V. Kolobukhina O. A. Burgasova I. S. Kruzhkova V. V. Maleev
author_facet	M. Yu. Shchelkanov L. V. Kolobukhina O. A. Burgasova I. S. Kruzhkova V. V. Maleev
author_sort	M. Yu. Shchelkanov
title	COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
title_short	COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
title_full	COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
title_fullStr	COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
title_full_unstemmed	COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
title_sort	covid-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/dfb3bda56b0144259aefb030bf7edde1
work_keys_str_mv	AT myushchelkanov covid19etiologyclinicalpicturetreatment AT lvkolobukhina covid19etiologyclinicalpicturetreatment AT oaburgasova covid19etiologyclinicalpicturetreatment AT iskruzhkova covid19etiologyclinicalpicturetreatment AT vvmaleev covid19etiologyclinicalpicturetreatment
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COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment

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