Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Most studies on elephant vocal communication have focused on the low-frequency rumble, with less effort on other vocalization types such as the most characteristic elephant call, the trumpet. Yet, a better and more complete understanding of the elephant vocal system requires investigating other voca...

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Autores principales:	Evelyn Fuchs, Veronika C Beeck, Anton Baotic, Angela S Stoeger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dfc7899a3a48477f8ba107dcca51c760
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dfc7899a3a48477f8ba107dcca51c7602021-12-02T20:16:13ZAcoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0260284https://doaj.org/article/dfc7899a3a48477f8ba107dcca51c7602021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260284https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Most studies on elephant vocal communication have focused on the low-frequency rumble, with less effort on other vocalization types such as the most characteristic elephant call, the trumpet. Yet, a better and more complete understanding of the elephant vocal system requires investigating other vocalization types and their functioning in more detail as well. We recorded adult female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) at a private facility in Nepal and analyzed 206 trumpets from six individuals regarding their frequency, temporal and contour shape, and related acoustic parameters of the fundamental frequency. We also tested for information content regarding individuality and context. Finally, we recorded the occurrence of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcation, biphonation, subharmonics and deterministic chaos. We documented a mean fundamental frequency ± SD of 474 ± 70 Hz and a mean duration ± SD of 1.38 ± 1.46 s (Nindiv. = 6, Ncalls = 206). Our study reveals that the contour of the fundamental frequency of trumpets encodes information about individuality, but we found no evidence for trumpet subtypes in greeting versus disturbance contexts. Non-linear phenomena prevailed and varied in abundance among individuals, suggesting that irregularities in trumpets might enhance the potential for individual recognition. We propose that trumpets in adult female Asian elephants serve to convey an individual's identity as well as to signal arousal and excitement to conspecifics.Evelyn FuchsVeronika C BeeckAnton BaoticAngela S StoegerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0260284 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Evelyn Fuchs Veronika C Beeck Anton Baotic Angela S Stoeger Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
description	Most studies on elephant vocal communication have focused on the low-frequency rumble, with less effort on other vocalization types such as the most characteristic elephant call, the trumpet. Yet, a better and more complete understanding of the elephant vocal system requires investigating other vocalization types and their functioning in more detail as well. We recorded adult female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) at a private facility in Nepal and analyzed 206 trumpets from six individuals regarding their frequency, temporal and contour shape, and related acoustic parameters of the fundamental frequency. We also tested for information content regarding individuality and context. Finally, we recorded the occurrence of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcation, biphonation, subharmonics and deterministic chaos. We documented a mean fundamental frequency ± SD of 474 ± 70 Hz and a mean duration ± SD of 1.38 ± 1.46 s (Nindiv. = 6, Ncalls = 206). Our study reveals that the contour of the fundamental frequency of trumpets encodes information about individuality, but we found no evidence for trumpet subtypes in greeting versus disturbance contexts. Non-linear phenomena prevailed and varied in abundance among individuals, suggesting that irregularities in trumpets might enhance the potential for individual recognition. We propose that trumpets in adult female Asian elephants serve to convey an individual's identity as well as to signal arousal and excitement to conspecifics.
format	article
author	Evelyn Fuchs Veronika C Beeck Anton Baotic Angela S Stoeger
author_facet	Evelyn Fuchs Veronika C Beeck Anton Baotic Angela S Stoeger
author_sort	Evelyn Fuchs
title	Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
title_short	Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
title_full	Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
title_fullStr	Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
title_full_unstemmed	Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
title_sort	acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female asian elephants (elephas maximus).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dfc7899a3a48477f8ba107dcca51c760
work_keys_str_mv	AT evelynfuchs acousticstructureandinformationcontentoftrumpetsinfemaleasianelephantselephasmaximus AT veronikacbeeck acousticstructureandinformationcontentoftrumpetsinfemaleasianelephantselephasmaximus AT antonbaotic acousticstructureandinformationcontentoftrumpetsinfemaleasianelephantselephasmaximus AT angelasstoeger acousticstructureandinformationcontentoftrumpetsinfemaleasianelephantselephasmaximus
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Acoustic structure and information content of trumpets in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

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