Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

HCC usually arises from a chronic inflammation background, driven by several factors including fatty liver, HBV/HCV viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Systemic treatment for advanced HCC remains disappointing due to its strong resistance to chemotherapy and even to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (T...

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Autores principales:	Pei-Yi Chu, Shih-Hsuan Chan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hepatocellular carcinoma checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 PD1 PDL1 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dfd0512cb99f4a8b9c3e09c9545a4cf8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dfd0512cb99f4a8b9c3e09c9545a4cf82021-11-11T15:27:32ZCure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma10.3390/cancers132152952072-6694https://doaj.org/article/dfd0512cb99f4a8b9c3e09c9545a4cf82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5295https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694HCC usually arises from a chronic inflammation background, driven by several factors including fatty liver, HBV/HCV viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Systemic treatment for advanced HCC remains disappointing due to its strong resistance to chemotherapy and even to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, the use of ICI therapy has revolutionized the systemic treatment of advanced HCC. For the first time, clinical trials testing ICIs, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/PDL1 reported a survival benefit in patients with sorafenib resistance. However, it took four more years to find the right combination regimen to use ICI in combination with the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab to substantially prolong overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HCC after sorafenib. This review provides a comprehensive history of ICI therapy in HCC, up-to-date information on the latest ICI clinical trials, and discusses the recent development of novel ICIs that would potentially lead to a new checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced HCC.Pei-Yi ChuShih-Hsuan ChanMDPI AGarticlehepatocellular carcinomacheckpoint inhibitorsCTLA-4PD1PDL1Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5295, p 5295 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hepatocellular carcinoma checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 PD1 PDL1 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	hepatocellular carcinoma checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 PD1 PDL1 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Pei-Yi Chu Shih-Hsuan Chan Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
description	HCC usually arises from a chronic inflammation background, driven by several factors including fatty liver, HBV/HCV viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Systemic treatment for advanced HCC remains disappointing due to its strong resistance to chemotherapy and even to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, the use of ICI therapy has revolutionized the systemic treatment of advanced HCC. For the first time, clinical trials testing ICIs, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/PDL1 reported a survival benefit in patients with sorafenib resistance. However, it took four more years to find the right combination regimen to use ICI in combination with the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab to substantially prolong overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HCC after sorafenib. This review provides a comprehensive history of ICI therapy in HCC, up-to-date information on the latest ICI clinical trials, and discusses the recent development of novel ICIs that would potentially lead to a new checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced HCC.
format	article
author	Pei-Yi Chu Shih-Hsuan Chan
author_facet	Pei-Yi Chu Shih-Hsuan Chan
author_sort	Pei-Yi Chu
title	Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_short	Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full	Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_fullStr	Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed	Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_sort	cure the incurable? recent breakthroughs in immune checkpoint blockade for hepatocellular carcinoma
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dfd0512cb99f4a8b9c3e09c9545a4cf8
work_keys_str_mv	AT peiyichu curetheincurablerecentbreakthroughsinimmunecheckpointblockadeforhepatocellularcarcinoma AT shihhsuanchan curetheincurablerecentbreakthroughsinimmunecheckpointblockadeforhepatocellularcarcinoma
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Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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