Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses

Nowadays, desalination continues to expand globally, which is one of the most effective solutions to solve the problem of the global drinking water shortage. However, desalination is not a fail-safe process and has many environmental and human health consequences. This paper investigated the desalin...

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Autores principales:	Huyen Trang Do Thi, Tibor Pasztor, Daniel Fozer, Flavio Manenti, Andras Jozsef Toth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	life cycle assessment PESTLE analysis multi-criteria decision analyses desalination reverse osmosis multi-stage flash distillation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dfdf4b0ebc3a464b9e7573b3d1657f28
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dfdf4b0ebc3a464b9e7573b3d1657f282021-11-11T19:54:53ZComparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses10.3390/w132130232073-4441https://doaj.org/article/dfdf4b0ebc3a464b9e7573b3d1657f282021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3023https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Nowadays, desalination continues to expand globally, which is one of the most effective solutions to solve the problem of the global drinking water shortage. However, desalination is not a fail-safe process and has many environmental and human health consequences. This paper investigated the desalination procedure of seawater with different technologies, namely, multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), and reverse osmosis (RO), and with various energy sources (fossil energy, solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy). The aim was to examine the different desalination technologies’ effectiveness with energy sources using three assessment methods, which were examined separately. The life cycle assessment (LCA), PESTLE, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods were used to evaluate each procedure. LCA was based on the following impact analysis and evaluation methods: ReCiPe 2016, IMPACT 2002+, and IPCC 2013 GWP 100a; PESTLE risk analysis evaluated the long-lasting impact on processes and technologies with political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Additionally, MCDA was based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate desalination technologies. This study considered the operational phase of a plant, which includes the necessary energy and chemical needs, which is called “gate-to-gate” analysis. Saudi Arabia data were used for the analysis, with the base unit of 1 m<sup>3</sup> of the water product. As the result of this study, RO combined with renewable energy provided outstanding benefits in terms of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources, as well as the climate change and emissions of GHGs categories.Huyen Trang Do ThiTibor PasztorDaniel FozerFlavio ManentiAndras Jozsef TothMDPI AGarticlelife cycle assessmentPESTLE analysismulti-criteria decision analysesdesalinationreverse osmosismulti-stage flash distillationHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3023, p 3023 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	life cycle assessment PESTLE analysis multi-criteria decision analyses desalination reverse osmosis multi-stage flash distillation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	life cycle assessment PESTLE analysis multi-criteria decision analyses desalination reverse osmosis multi-stage flash distillation Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Huyen Trang Do Thi Tibor Pasztor Daniel Fozer Flavio Manenti Andras Jozsef Toth Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
description	Nowadays, desalination continues to expand globally, which is one of the most effective solutions to solve the problem of the global drinking water shortage. However, desalination is not a fail-safe process and has many environmental and human health consequences. This paper investigated the desalination procedure of seawater with different technologies, namely, multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), and reverse osmosis (RO), and with various energy sources (fossil energy, solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy). The aim was to examine the different desalination technologies’ effectiveness with energy sources using three assessment methods, which were examined separately. The life cycle assessment (LCA), PESTLE, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods were used to evaluate each procedure. LCA was based on the following impact analysis and evaluation methods: ReCiPe 2016, IMPACT 2002+, and IPCC 2013 GWP 100a; PESTLE risk analysis evaluated the long-lasting impact on processes and technologies with political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Additionally, MCDA was based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate desalination technologies. This study considered the operational phase of a plant, which includes the necessary energy and chemical needs, which is called “gate-to-gate” analysis. Saudi Arabia data were used for the analysis, with the base unit of 1 m<sup>3</sup> of the water product. As the result of this study, RO combined with renewable energy provided outstanding benefits in terms of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources, as well as the climate change and emissions of GHGs categories.
format	article
author	Huyen Trang Do Thi Tibor Pasztor Daniel Fozer Flavio Manenti Andras Jozsef Toth
author_facet	Huyen Trang Do Thi Tibor Pasztor Daniel Fozer Flavio Manenti Andras Jozsef Toth
author_sort	Huyen Trang Do Thi
title	Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
title_short	Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
title_full	Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
title_fullStr	Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses
title_sort	comparison of desalination technologies using renewable energy sources with life cycle, pestle, and multi-criteria decision analyses
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dfdf4b0ebc3a464b9e7573b3d1657f28
work_keys_str_mv	AT huyentrangdothi comparisonofdesalinationtechnologiesusingrenewableenergysourceswithlifecyclepestleandmulticriteriadecisionanalyses AT tiborpasztor comparisonofdesalinationtechnologiesusingrenewableenergysourceswithlifecyclepestleandmulticriteriadecisionanalyses AT danielfozer comparisonofdesalinationtechnologiesusingrenewableenergysourceswithlifecyclepestleandmulticriteriadecisionanalyses AT flaviomanenti comparisonofdesalinationtechnologiesusingrenewableenergysourceswithlifecyclepestleandmulticriteriadecisionanalyses AT andrasjozseftoth comparisonofdesalinationtechnologiesusingrenewableenergysourceswithlifecyclepestleandmulticriteriadecisionanalyses
_version_	1718431379578945536

Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses

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