Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems

Tobacco farming is considered Hazardous Child Labor in Brazil. This study examined the work of children and adolescents in tobacco farming, characterizing the level of urinary cotinine and the occurrence of Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), pesticide poisoning, respiratory symptoms, and musculoskeletal...

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Autores principales:	Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa, Neice Muller Xavier Faria, Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci, Nadia Spada Fiori, Maitê Peres de Carvalho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	child labor agriculture rural health cotinine tobacco pesticides Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dff4a47a6e6c4e19bef6daf79be62a0e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dff4a47a6e6c4e19bef6daf79be62a0e2021-11-25T17:52:33ZChild Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems10.3390/ijerph1822122551660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/dff4a47a6e6c4e19bef6daf79be62a0e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12255https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Tobacco farming is considered Hazardous Child Labor in Brazil. This study examined the work of children and adolescents in tobacco farming, characterizing the level of urinary cotinine and the occurrence of Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), pesticide poisoning, respiratory symptoms, and musculoskeletal disorders. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a random sample of tobacco growers under 18 years old in Southern Brazil. Ninety-nine young people were interviewed at 79 family farms. The majority began working in agriculture before they were 14 and worked harvesting and tying hands of tobacco; 60% were 16 or 17 years old, and 51.5% were male. During their lifetime, 24.5% reported GTS, and 3% reported pesticide poisoning. In the previous year, 29.3% reported low back pain, 6.1% wheezing, and 16.2% coughing without having a cold. Half of the 12 young people evaluated had over 100 ng/mL of urinary cotinine. The study indicates that child laborers do various activities and present a high prevalence of health problems. Health workers should be trained to identify child laborers and their impacts on health. Full-time farm schools could provide knowledge about sustainable agricultural production, reducing the rates of age-grade mismatch, without taking young people away from rural areas.Anaclaudia Gastal FassaNeice Muller Xavier FariaAna Laura Sica Cruzeiro SzortykaRodrigo Dalke MeucciNadia Spada FioriMaitê Peres de CarvalhoMDPI AGarticlechild laboragriculturerural healthcotininetobaccopesticidesMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12255, p 12255 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	child labor agriculture rural health cotinine tobacco pesticides Medicine R
spellingShingle	child labor agriculture rural health cotinine tobacco pesticides Medicine R Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa Neice Muller Xavier Faria Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka Rodrigo Dalke Meucci Nadia Spada Fiori Maitê Peres de Carvalho Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
description	Tobacco farming is considered Hazardous Child Labor in Brazil. This study examined the work of children and adolescents in tobacco farming, characterizing the level of urinary cotinine and the occurrence of Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), pesticide poisoning, respiratory symptoms, and musculoskeletal disorders. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a random sample of tobacco growers under 18 years old in Southern Brazil. Ninety-nine young people were interviewed at 79 family farms. The majority began working in agriculture before they were 14 and worked harvesting and tying hands of tobacco; 60% were 16 or 17 years old, and 51.5% were male. During their lifetime, 24.5% reported GTS, and 3% reported pesticide poisoning. In the previous year, 29.3% reported low back pain, 6.1% wheezing, and 16.2% coughing without having a cold. Half of the 12 young people evaluated had over 100 ng/mL of urinary cotinine. The study indicates that child laborers do various activities and present a high prevalence of health problems. Health workers should be trained to identify child laborers and their impacts on health. Full-time farm schools could provide knowledge about sustainable agricultural production, reducing the rates of age-grade mismatch, without taking young people away from rural areas.
format	article
author	Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa Neice Muller Xavier Faria Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka Rodrigo Dalke Meucci Nadia Spada Fiori Maitê Peres de Carvalho
author_facet	Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa Neice Muller Xavier Faria Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka Rodrigo Dalke Meucci Nadia Spada Fiori Maitê Peres de Carvalho
author_sort	Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
title	Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
title_short	Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
title_full	Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
title_fullStr	Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
title_full_unstemmed	Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems
title_sort	child labor in family tobacco farms in southern brazil: occupational exposure and related health problems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dff4a47a6e6c4e19bef6daf79be62a0e
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Child Labor in Family Tobacco Farms in Southern Brazil: Occupational Exposure and Related Health Problems

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