A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network

In this paper, a dual-polarized four-port 2 × 2 series fed antenna array operating at 28 GHz with beam-switching capability is proposed. The antenna array uses a simple passive beamforming network to switch the main beam. The presented antenna design is suitable for 5G user equipment and high data r...

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Autores principales:	Firas Abdul Ghani, Amir Mohsen Ahmadi Najafabadi, Heba Saleh, Murat Kaya Yapici, Ibrahim Tekin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	5G antenna array passive beamforming network switched beams SPDT switches Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dfff7ef8bb8746eda07a3787b2c33bcd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dfff7ef8bb8746eda07a3787b2c33bcd2021-11-11T19:08:13ZA 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network10.3390/s212171381424-8220https://doaj.org/article/dfff7ef8bb8746eda07a3787b2c33bcd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7138https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220In this paper, a dual-polarized four-port 2 × 2 series fed antenna array operating at 28 GHz with beam-switching capability is proposed. The antenna array uses a simple passive beamforming network to switch the main beam. The presented antenna design is suitable for 5G user equipment and high data rates applications by which it has a compact size with low cost and complexity. The size of the antenna is 37.2 × 37.2 mm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> including the ground plane, and it produces 10 different switched beams by using only two simple 3 dB/90<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> couplers which create the required amplitudes and phase excitations for the antenna elements. A one-port simple feeding mechanism including Peregrine PE42525 SPDT switch modules and a power divider is used to generate and measure the 10 switched beams. The antenna design is implemented on a two-layer 0.203 mm thick low-loss (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>tan</mi><mi>δ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.0027) Rogers 4003C substrate, and it has a measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz (14.3%, from 26 GHz to 30 GHz) for all ports. Measured peak isolation between any dual-polarized ports of the antenna is better than 30 dB. The antenna has an average measured realized gain of 8.9 dBi and around 10 dB side lobe level (SLL) for all beams. The antenna has 3-dB coverage of 80<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to 90<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> in 2D space and it has a maximum of ±26<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> beam-steering angle. The antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS and fabricated using regular PCB processing.Firas Abdul GhaniAmir Mohsen Ahmadi NajafabadiHeba SalehMurat Kaya YapiciIbrahim TekinMDPI AGarticle5G antenna arraypassive beamforming networkswitched beamsSPDT switchesChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7138, p 7138 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	5G antenna array passive beamforming network switched beams SPDT switches Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	5G antenna array passive beamforming network switched beams SPDT switches Chemical technology TP1-1185 Firas Abdul Ghani Amir Mohsen Ahmadi Najafabadi Heba Saleh Murat Kaya Yapici Ibrahim Tekin A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
description	In this paper, a dual-polarized four-port 2 × 2 series fed antenna array operating at 28 GHz with beam-switching capability is proposed. The antenna array uses a simple passive beamforming network to switch the main beam. The presented antenna design is suitable for 5G user equipment and high data rates applications by which it has a compact size with low cost and complexity. The size of the antenna is 37.2 × 37.2 mm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> including the ground plane, and it produces 10 different switched beams by using only two simple 3 dB/90<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> couplers which create the required amplitudes and phase excitations for the antenna elements. A one-port simple feeding mechanism including Peregrine PE42525 SPDT switch modules and a power divider is used to generate and measure the 10 switched beams. The antenna design is implemented on a two-layer 0.203 mm thick low-loss (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>tan</mi><mi>δ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.0027) Rogers 4003C substrate, and it has a measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz (14.3%, from 26 GHz to 30 GHz) for all ports. Measured peak isolation between any dual-polarized ports of the antenna is better than 30 dB. The antenna has an average measured realized gain of 8.9 dBi and around 10 dB side lobe level (SLL) for all beams. The antenna has 3-dB coverage of 80<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to 90<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> in 2D space and it has a maximum of ±26<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> beam-steering angle. The antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS and fabricated using regular PCB processing.
format	article
author	Firas Abdul Ghani Amir Mohsen Ahmadi Najafabadi Heba Saleh Murat Kaya Yapici Ibrahim Tekin
author_facet	Firas Abdul Ghani Amir Mohsen Ahmadi Najafabadi Heba Saleh Murat Kaya Yapici Ibrahim Tekin
author_sort	Firas Abdul Ghani
title	A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
title_short	A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
title_full	A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
title_fullStr	A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
title_full_unstemmed	A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network
title_sort	28 ghz 2 × 2 antenna array with 10 beams using passive spdt switch beamforming network
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dfff7ef8bb8746eda07a3787b2c33bcd
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A 28 GHz 2 × 2 Antenna Array with 10 Beams Using Passive SPDT Switch Beamforming Network

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