A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity

Abstract Background LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements, L1) retrotransposons are the only autonomously active transposable elements in the human genome. The evolution of L1 retrotransposition rates and its implications for L1 dynamics are poorly understood. Retrotransposition rates are commo...

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Autores principales:	Sawsan Sami Wehbi, Heinrich zu Dohna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e026a62ee35d4c58ae99a4fa4989ce17
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e026a62ee35d4c58ae99a4fa4989ce172021-11-21T12:25:36ZA comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity10.1186/s13100-021-00255-x1759-8753https://doaj.org/article/e026a62ee35d4c58ae99a4fa4989ce172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00255-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1759-8753Abstract Background LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements, L1) retrotransposons are the only autonomously active transposable elements in the human genome. The evolution of L1 retrotransposition rates and its implications for L1 dynamics are poorly understood. Retrotransposition rates are commonly measured in cell culture-based assays, but it is unclear how well these measurements provide insight into L1 population dynamics. This study applied comparative methods to estimate parameters for the evolution of retrotransposition rates, and infer L1 dynamics from these estimates. Results Our results show that the rates at which new L1s emerge in the human population correlate positively to cell-culture based retrotransposition activities, that there is an evolutionary trend towards lower retrotransposition activity, and that this evolutionary trend is not sufficient to counter-balance the increase in active L1s resulting from continuing retrotransposition. Conclusions Together, these findings support a model of the population-level L1 retrotransposition dynamics that is consistent with prior expectations and indicate the remaining gaps in the understanding of L1 dynamics in human genomes.Sawsan Sami WehbiHeinrich zu DohnaBMCarticleGeneticsQH426-470ENMobile DNA, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Genetics QH426-470 Sawsan Sami Wehbi Heinrich zu Dohna A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
description	Abstract Background LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements, L1) retrotransposons are the only autonomously active transposable elements in the human genome. The evolution of L1 retrotransposition rates and its implications for L1 dynamics are poorly understood. Retrotransposition rates are commonly measured in cell culture-based assays, but it is unclear how well these measurements provide insight into L1 population dynamics. This study applied comparative methods to estimate parameters for the evolution of retrotransposition rates, and infer L1 dynamics from these estimates. Results Our results show that the rates at which new L1s emerge in the human population correlate positively to cell-culture based retrotransposition activities, that there is an evolutionary trend towards lower retrotransposition activity, and that this evolutionary trend is not sufficient to counter-balance the increase in active L1s resulting from continuing retrotransposition. Conclusions Together, these findings support a model of the population-level L1 retrotransposition dynamics that is consistent with prior expectations and indicate the remaining gaps in the understanding of L1 dynamics in human genomes.
format	article
author	Sawsan Sami Wehbi Heinrich zu Dohna
author_facet	Sawsan Sami Wehbi Heinrich zu Dohna
author_sort	Sawsan Sami Wehbi
title	A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
title_short	A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
title_full	A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
title_fullStr	A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
title_full_unstemmed	A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
title_sort	comparative analysis of l1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in l1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e026a62ee35d4c58ae99a4fa4989ce17
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A comparative analysis of L1 retrotransposition activities in human genomes suggests an ongoing increase in L1 number despite an evolutionary trend towards lower activity

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