The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps

Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infancy and is associated with a higher risk for the development of childhood asthma. However, not all children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will develop asthma. The mechanisms underlying asthma development following bronchiolitis hospi...

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Autores principales:	Heidi Makrinioti, Andrew Bush, James Gern, Sebastian Lennox Johnston, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Wojciech Feleszko, Carlos A. Camargo, Kohei Hasegawa, Tuomas Jartti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	interferon bronchiolitis asthma recurrent wheeze rhinovirus respiratory syncytal virus Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e030a1d25e0e44d0a10e351d3a492cea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e030a1d25e0e44d0a10e351d3a492cea2021-12-03T04:42:40ZThe Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.761660https://doaj.org/article/e030a1d25e0e44d0a10e351d3a492cea2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.761660/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infancy and is associated with a higher risk for the development of childhood asthma. However, not all children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will develop asthma. The mechanisms underlying asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization are complex. Immune responses to respiratory viruses may underlie both bronchiolitis severity and long-term sequela (such as asthma). Interferons (IFNs) are important components of innate immune responses to respiratory viruses and could influence both asthma development and asthma exacerbations. However, the nature of the relationship between interferon production and wheezing illnesses is controversial. For example, low peripheral blood IFN responses at birth have been linked with recurrent wheeze and asthma development. In contrast, there is evidence that severe illnesses (e.g., hospitalization for bronchiolitis) are associated with increased IFN responses during acute infection (bronchiolitis hospitalization) and a higher risk for subsequent asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children have impaired IFN responses to respiratory viruses, which may enable increased viral replication followed by exaggerated secondary IFN responses. This review aims to discuss controversies around the role of IFNs as drivers of susceptibility to asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization. Past evidence from both mechanistic and cohort studies are discussed. We will highlight knowledge gaps that can inform future research study design.Heidi MakriniotiHeidi MakriniotiAndrew BushAndrew BushJames GernSebastian Lennox JohnstonNikolaos PapadopoulosNikolaos PapadopoulosWojciech FeleszkoCarlos A. CamargoKohei HasegawaTuomas JarttiTuomas JarttiTuomas JarttiFrontiers Media S.A.articleinterferonbronchiolitisasthmarecurrent wheezerhinovirusrespiratory syncytal virusImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	interferon bronchiolitis asthma recurrent wheeze rhinovirus respiratory syncytal virus Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	interferon bronchiolitis asthma recurrent wheeze rhinovirus respiratory syncytal virus Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Heidi Makrinioti Heidi Makrinioti Andrew Bush Andrew Bush James Gern Sebastian Lennox Johnston Nikolaos Papadopoulos Nikolaos Papadopoulos Wojciech Feleszko Carlos A. Camargo Kohei Hasegawa Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
description	Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infancy and is associated with a higher risk for the development of childhood asthma. However, not all children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will develop asthma. The mechanisms underlying asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization are complex. Immune responses to respiratory viruses may underlie both bronchiolitis severity and long-term sequela (such as asthma). Interferons (IFNs) are important components of innate immune responses to respiratory viruses and could influence both asthma development and asthma exacerbations. However, the nature of the relationship between interferon production and wheezing illnesses is controversial. For example, low peripheral blood IFN responses at birth have been linked with recurrent wheeze and asthma development. In contrast, there is evidence that severe illnesses (e.g., hospitalization for bronchiolitis) are associated with increased IFN responses during acute infection (bronchiolitis hospitalization) and a higher risk for subsequent asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children have impaired IFN responses to respiratory viruses, which may enable increased viral replication followed by exaggerated secondary IFN responses. This review aims to discuss controversies around the role of IFNs as drivers of susceptibility to asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization. Past evidence from both mechanistic and cohort studies are discussed. We will highlight knowledge gaps that can inform future research study design.
format	article
author	Heidi Makrinioti Heidi Makrinioti Andrew Bush Andrew Bush James Gern Sebastian Lennox Johnston Nikolaos Papadopoulos Nikolaos Papadopoulos Wojciech Feleszko Carlos A. Camargo Kohei Hasegawa Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti
author_facet	Heidi Makrinioti Heidi Makrinioti Andrew Bush Andrew Bush James Gern Sebastian Lennox Johnston Nikolaos Papadopoulos Nikolaos Papadopoulos Wojciech Feleszko Carlos A. Camargo Kohei Hasegawa Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti Tuomas Jartti
author_sort	Heidi Makrinioti
title	The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
title_short	The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
title_full	The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
title_fullStr	The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
title_full_unstemmed	The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps
title_sort	role of interferons in driving susceptibility to asthma following bronchiolitis: controversies and research gaps
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e030a1d25e0e44d0a10e351d3a492cea
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The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps

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