Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is one of the simplest membrane phospholipids, yet it plays a crucial role in various biologically relevant processes that take place in cells. Since PA generation may be triggered by a variety of factors, very often of antagonistic character, the specific nature of physiologi...

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Autores principales:	Dominik Drabik, Aleksander Czogalla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phosphatidic acid molecular dynamics flicker noise spectroscopy Langmuir monolayers bending rigidity area compressibility Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e051211aa1db4632ac6ede3add923650
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e051211aa1db4632ac6ede3add9236502021-11-11T16:58:59ZSimple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers10.3390/ijms2221115231422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/e051211aa1db4632ac6ede3add9236502021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11523https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Phosphatidic acid (PA) is one of the simplest membrane phospholipids, yet it plays a crucial role in various biologically relevant processes that take place in cells. Since PA generation may be triggered by a variety of factors, very often of antagonistic character, the specific nature of physiological responses driven by PA is not clear. In order to shed more light on these issues, we carried out a systematic characterization of membranes containing one of the three biologically significant PA molecular species. The effect of these molecules on the properties of membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and/or cholesterol was assessed in a multidisciplinary approach, including molecular dynamic simulations, flicker noise spectroscopy, and Langmuir monolayer isotherms. The first enables the determination of various macroscopic and microscopic parameters such as lateral diffusion, membrane thickness, and defect analysis. The obtained data revealed a strong interaction between unsaturated PA species and phosphatidylcholine. On the other hand, the behavior of saturated PA was greatly influenced by cholesterol. Additionally, a strong effect on mechanical properties was observed in the case of three-component systems, which could not be explained by the simple extrapolation of parameters of the corresponding two-component systems. Our data show that various PA species are not equivalent in terms of their influence on lipid mono- and bilayers and that membrane composition/properties, particularly those related to the presence of cholesterol, may strongly modulate PA behavior.Dominik DrabikAleksander CzogallaMDPI AGarticlephosphatidic acidmolecular dynamicsflicker noise spectroscopyLangmuir monolayersbending rigidityarea compressibilityBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11523, p 11523 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phosphatidic acid molecular dynamics flicker noise spectroscopy Langmuir monolayers bending rigidity area compressibility Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	phosphatidic acid molecular dynamics flicker noise spectroscopy Langmuir monolayers bending rigidity area compressibility Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Dominik Drabik Aleksander Czogalla Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
description	Phosphatidic acid (PA) is one of the simplest membrane phospholipids, yet it plays a crucial role in various biologically relevant processes that take place in cells. Since PA generation may be triggered by a variety of factors, very often of antagonistic character, the specific nature of physiological responses driven by PA is not clear. In order to shed more light on these issues, we carried out a systematic characterization of membranes containing one of the three biologically significant PA molecular species. The effect of these molecules on the properties of membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and/or cholesterol was assessed in a multidisciplinary approach, including molecular dynamic simulations, flicker noise spectroscopy, and Langmuir monolayer isotherms. The first enables the determination of various macroscopic and microscopic parameters such as lateral diffusion, membrane thickness, and defect analysis. The obtained data revealed a strong interaction between unsaturated PA species and phosphatidylcholine. On the other hand, the behavior of saturated PA was greatly influenced by cholesterol. Additionally, a strong effect on mechanical properties was observed in the case of three-component systems, which could not be explained by the simple extrapolation of parameters of the corresponding two-component systems. Our data show that various PA species are not equivalent in terms of their influence on lipid mono- and bilayers and that membrane composition/properties, particularly those related to the presence of cholesterol, may strongly modulate PA behavior.
format	article
author	Dominik Drabik Aleksander Czogalla
author_facet	Dominik Drabik Aleksander Czogalla
author_sort	Dominik Drabik
title	Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
title_short	Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
title_full	Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
title_fullStr	Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
title_full_unstemmed	Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers
title_sort	simple does not mean trivial: behavior of phosphatidic acid in lipid mono- and bilayers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e051211aa1db4632ac6ede3add923650
work_keys_str_mv	AT dominikdrabik simpledoesnotmeantrivialbehaviorofphosphatidicacidinlipidmonoandbilayers AT aleksanderczogalla simpledoesnotmeantrivialbehaviorofphosphatidicacidinlipidmonoandbilayers
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Simple Does Not Mean Trivial: Behavior of Phosphatidic Acid in Lipid Mono- and Bilayers

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