Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds

Dual phase steels combine very good corrosion resistance with relatively high values of mechanical properties. In addition, they can maintain good plastic properties and toughness at both room temperature and lower temperatures as well. Despite all the advantages mentioned above, their utility prope...

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Autores principales:	Jaromír Moravec, Šárka Bukovská, Martin Švec, Jiří Sobotka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	duplex stainless steel residual stresses X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 steel X-ray diffraction analysis physical simulations Gleeble 3500 Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e07e9395db5743e4a483a5497f22222c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e07e9395db5743e4a483a5497f22222c2021-11-25T18:13:36ZPossibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds10.3390/ma142267911996-1944https://doaj.org/article/e07e9395db5743e4a483a5497f22222c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6791https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Dual phase steels combine very good corrosion resistance with relatively high values of mechanical properties. In addition, they can maintain good plastic properties and toughness at both room temperature and lower temperatures as well. Despite all the advantages mentioned above, their utility properties can be reduced by technological processing, especially by the application of the temperature cycles. As a result, in the material remain residual stresses with local stress peaks, which are quite problematic especially during cyclic loading. Moreover, determining the level and especially the distribution of such residual stresses is very difficult for duplex steels both due to the structure duality and in light of the very small width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This is why the paper presents the possibilities of using physical simulations to study the effect of temperature cycles in residual stresses’ magnitude and distribution, where it is possible to study the HAZ in more detail as well as on a much larger sample width due to the utilization of special samples. In the thermal–mechanical simulator Gleeble 3500, temperature-stress cycles were applied to testing samples, generating stress fields with local peaks in the testing samples. In addition, the supplied steel X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 had different phase rations in the individual directions. Therefore, as the residual stresses were measured in several directions and at the same time, it was possible to safely confirm the suitability of the used measurement method. Moreover, the effect of the stress and strain on the change of partial phases’ ratios was observed. It has been experimentally confirmed that annealing temperatures of at least 700 °C are required to eliminate local stress peaks after welding. However, an annealing temperature of 550 °C seems to be optimal to maintain sufficient mechanical properties.Jaromír MoravecŠárka BukovskáMartin ŠvecJiří SobotkaMDPI AGarticleduplex stainless steelresidual stressesX2CrMnNiN21-5-1 steelX-ray diffraction analysisphysical simulationsGleeble 3500TechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6791, p 6791 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	duplex stainless steel residual stresses X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 steel X-ray diffraction analysis physical simulations Gleeble 3500 Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	duplex stainless steel residual stresses X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 steel X-ray diffraction analysis physical simulations Gleeble 3500 Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Jaromír Moravec Šárka Bukovská Martin Švec Jiří Sobotka Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
description	Dual phase steels combine very good corrosion resistance with relatively high values of mechanical properties. In addition, they can maintain good plastic properties and toughness at both room temperature and lower temperatures as well. Despite all the advantages mentioned above, their utility properties can be reduced by technological processing, especially by the application of the temperature cycles. As a result, in the material remain residual stresses with local stress peaks, which are quite problematic especially during cyclic loading. Moreover, determining the level and especially the distribution of such residual stresses is very difficult for duplex steels both due to the structure duality and in light of the very small width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This is why the paper presents the possibilities of using physical simulations to study the effect of temperature cycles in residual stresses’ magnitude and distribution, where it is possible to study the HAZ in more detail as well as on a much larger sample width due to the utilization of special samples. In the thermal–mechanical simulator Gleeble 3500, temperature-stress cycles were applied to testing samples, generating stress fields with local peaks in the testing samples. In addition, the supplied steel X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 had different phase rations in the individual directions. Therefore, as the residual stresses were measured in several directions and at the same time, it was possible to safely confirm the suitability of the used measurement method. Moreover, the effect of the stress and strain on the change of partial phases’ ratios was observed. It has been experimentally confirmed that annealing temperatures of at least 700 °C are required to eliminate local stress peaks after welding. However, an annealing temperature of 550 °C seems to be optimal to maintain sufficient mechanical properties.
format	article
author	Jaromír Moravec Šárka Bukovská Martin Švec Jiří Sobotka
author_facet	Jaromír Moravec Šárka Bukovská Martin Švec Jiří Sobotka
author_sort	Jaromír Moravec
title	Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
title_short	Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
title_full	Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
title_fullStr	Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
title_full_unstemmed	Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds
title_sort	possibilities to use physical simulations when studying the distribution of residual stresses in the haz of duplex steels welds
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e07e9395db5743e4a483a5497f22222c
work_keys_str_mv	AT jaromirmoravec possibilitiestousephysicalsimulationswhenstudyingthedistributionofresidualstressesinthehazofduplexsteelswelds AT sarkabukovska possibilitiestousephysicalsimulationswhenstudyingthedistributionofresidualstressesinthehazofduplexsteelswelds AT martinsvec possibilitiestousephysicalsimulationswhenstudyingthedistributionofresidualstressesinthehazofduplexsteelswelds AT jirisobotka possibilitiestousephysicalsimulationswhenstudyingthedistributionofresidualstressesinthehazofduplexsteelswelds
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Possibilities to Use Physical Simulations When Studying the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the HAZ of Duplex Steels Welds

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