Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan

Abstract Although studies on snow algae and macroinvertebrates have been frequently conducted on snow patches, only few surveys have been focused on microinvertebrates which reach high biomass and play various trophic roles in other cold habitats. The aims of this study were (1) to search for microi...

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Autores principales:	Masato Ono, Nozomu Takeuchi, Krzysztof Zawierucha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e0a79f21ea93448fa6db866994d37a4c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e0a79f21ea93448fa6db866994d37a4c2021-12-02T11:39:20ZSnow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan10.1038/s41598-021-85462-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e0a79f21ea93448fa6db866994d37a4c2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85462-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although studies on snow algae and macroinvertebrates have been frequently conducted on snow patches, only few surveys have been focused on microinvertebrates which reach high biomass and play various trophic roles in other cold habitats. The aims of this study were (1) to search for microinvertebrates in seasonal surface snow patches located on the slope of Mt. Gassan, in northern Japan, and (2) to identify factors determining their distribution associated with snow algal blooms of various colorations (orange, green, and golden-brown) collected from the same sampling site over two seasons (2018, 2019). Microscopic observation revealed presence of two major groups of microinvertebrates: Tardigrada and Rotifera. They were concentrated in green snow colored by blooms of Chloromonas sp. in comparison to orange or golden-brown snow and only a few were found in white snow. Mean body length of tardigrades increased throughout the melt season, their intestine content was green and they laid eggs on colored snow. These results suggest that tardigrades preferentially grew and reproduced on green snow patches. Population densities of tardigrades, rotifers and concentration of chlorophyll a were significantly correlated. Our study indicates that green snow patches in temperate mountainous forests constitute important and unique low-temperature ecosystems for microinvertebrates. Snow covered by algae is an unrecognized novel habitats for tardigrades and rotifers.Masato OnoNozomu TakeuchiKrzysztof ZawieruchaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Masato Ono Nozomu Takeuchi Krzysztof Zawierucha Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
description	Abstract Although studies on snow algae and macroinvertebrates have been frequently conducted on snow patches, only few surveys have been focused on microinvertebrates which reach high biomass and play various trophic roles in other cold habitats. The aims of this study were (1) to search for microinvertebrates in seasonal surface snow patches located on the slope of Mt. Gassan, in northern Japan, and (2) to identify factors determining their distribution associated with snow algal blooms of various colorations (orange, green, and golden-brown) collected from the same sampling site over two seasons (2018, 2019). Microscopic observation revealed presence of two major groups of microinvertebrates: Tardigrada and Rotifera. They were concentrated in green snow colored by blooms of Chloromonas sp. in comparison to orange or golden-brown snow and only a few were found in white snow. Mean body length of tardigrades increased throughout the melt season, their intestine content was green and they laid eggs on colored snow. These results suggest that tardigrades preferentially grew and reproduced on green snow patches. Population densities of tardigrades, rotifers and concentration of chlorophyll a were significantly correlated. Our study indicates that green snow patches in temperate mountainous forests constitute important and unique low-temperature ecosystems for microinvertebrates. Snow covered by algae is an unrecognized novel habitats for tardigrades and rotifers.
format	article
author	Masato Ono Nozomu Takeuchi Krzysztof Zawierucha
author_facet	Masato Ono Nozomu Takeuchi Krzysztof Zawierucha
author_sort	Masato Ono
title	Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
title_short	Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
title_full	Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
title_fullStr	Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
title_full_unstemmed	Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan
title_sort	snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (tardigrada and rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in japan
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e0a79f21ea93448fa6db866994d37a4c
work_keys_str_mv	AT masatoono snowalgaebloomsarebeneficialformicroinvertebratesassemblagestardigradaandrotiferaonseasonalsnowpatchesinjapan AT nozomutakeuchi snowalgaebloomsarebeneficialformicroinvertebratesassemblagestardigradaandrotiferaonseasonalsnowpatchesinjapan AT krzysztofzawierucha snowalgaebloomsarebeneficialformicroinvertebratesassemblagestardigradaandrotiferaonseasonalsnowpatchesinjapan
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Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan

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