Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks

ABSTRACT: Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat...

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Autores principales:	Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak, Tomasz Hauschild, Marta Dec, Agnieszka Marek, Michał Brzeski, Urszula Kosikowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	yolk sac infections Enterococcus faecalis antibiotic resistance broiler chicks Animal culture SF1-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e0ee96841e294c83914b3edc99964816
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e0ee96841e294c83914b3edc999648162021-11-24T04:22:27ZAntimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks0032-579110.1016/j.psj.2021.101491https://doaj.org/article/e0ee96841e294c83914b3edc999648162021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579121005137https://doaj.org/toc/0032-5791ABSTRACT: Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry. The aim of the study was to perform a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the drug resistance of E. faecalis isolates from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks from Poland and the Netherlands and to determine their genetic diversity. The tests revealed resistance to antibiotics from category D, that is, tetracycline (69.7%); category C – lincomycin (98.7%), erythromycin (51.3%), aminoglycosides (high-level streptomycin and kanamycin resistance – 10.5% and 3.95%, respectively), and chloramphenicol (7.9%); and category B – ciprofloxacin (25% with resistance or intermediate resistance). No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tigecycline, or linezolid was noted. Various combinations of the erm(B), tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, cat, and msr(A/B) genes were detected in all isolates (irrespective of the drug-resistance phenotype). Among isolates that carried the tet(M) and/or the tet(L) gene, 28% also had the Int-Tn gene, in contrast with isolates possessing tet(O). There were 28 sequence types and 43 PFGE restriction patterns. About 60% of isolates were of sequences types ST59, ST16, ST116, ST282, ST36, and ST82. Nine new sequence types were shown (ST836-ST844). In conclusion, broiler chicks can be a source of drug-resistant sequence types of E. faecalis that are potentially hazardous for people and animals. Restrictive programs for antibiotic use in broiler breeding flocks should be developed to decrease drug resistance in day-old chicks and reduce economic losses during rearing.Dagmara Stępień-PyśniakTomasz HauschildMarta DecAgnieszka MarekMichał BrzeskiUrszula KosikowskaElsevierarticleyolk sac infectionsEnterococcus faecalisantibiotic resistancebroiler chicksAnimal cultureSF1-1100ENPoultry Science, Vol 100, Iss 12, Pp 101491- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	yolk sac infections Enterococcus faecalis antibiotic resistance broiler chicks Animal culture SF1-1100
spellingShingle	yolk sac infections Enterococcus faecalis antibiotic resistance broiler chicks Animal culture SF1-1100 Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak Tomasz Hauschild Marta Dec Agnieszka Marek Michał Brzeski Urszula Kosikowska Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
description	ABSTRACT: Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry. The aim of the study was to perform a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the drug resistance of E. faecalis isolates from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks from Poland and the Netherlands and to determine their genetic diversity. The tests revealed resistance to antibiotics from category D, that is, tetracycline (69.7%); category C – lincomycin (98.7%), erythromycin (51.3%), aminoglycosides (high-level streptomycin and kanamycin resistance – 10.5% and 3.95%, respectively), and chloramphenicol (7.9%); and category B – ciprofloxacin (25% with resistance or intermediate resistance). No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tigecycline, or linezolid was noted. Various combinations of the erm(B), tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, cat, and msr(A/B) genes were detected in all isolates (irrespective of the drug-resistance phenotype). Among isolates that carried the tet(M) and/or the tet(L) gene, 28% also had the Int-Tn gene, in contrast with isolates possessing tet(O). There were 28 sequence types and 43 PFGE restriction patterns. About 60% of isolates were of sequences types ST59, ST16, ST116, ST282, ST36, and ST82. Nine new sequence types were shown (ST836-ST844). In conclusion, broiler chicks can be a source of drug-resistant sequence types of E. faecalis that are potentially hazardous for people and animals. Restrictive programs for antibiotic use in broiler breeding flocks should be developed to decrease drug resistance in day-old chicks and reduce economic losses during rearing.
format	article
author	Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak Tomasz Hauschild Marta Dec Agnieszka Marek Michał Brzeski Urszula Kosikowska
author_facet	Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak Tomasz Hauschild Marta Dec Agnieszka Marek Michał Brzeski Urszula Kosikowska
author_sort	Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
title	Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
title_short	Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
title_full	Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
title_fullStr	Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
title_full_unstemmed	Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
title_sort	antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e0ee96841e294c83914b3edc99964816
work_keys_str_mv	AT dagmarastepienpysniak antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks AT tomaszhauschild antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks AT martadec antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks AT agnieszkamarek antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks AT michałbrzeski antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks AT urszulakosikowska antimicrobialresistanceandgeneticdiversityofenterococcusfaecalisfromyolksacinfectionsinbroilerchicks
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Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks

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