Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya

Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that low physical activity levels during youth are associated with the development of thin knee cartilage, which may increase susceptibility to osteoarthritis later in life. Here, we propose and test the hypothesis that reductions in physical activity imp...

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Autores principales:	Nicholas B. Holowka, Ian J. Wallace, Alexander Mathiessen, Robert Mang’eni Ojiambo, Paul Okutoyi, Steven Worthington, Daniel E. Lieberman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e10468cc02cb4074bedf49214ffae29b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e10468cc02cb4074bedf49214ffae29b2021-11-16T09:54:20ZUrbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya2578-574510.1002/acr2.11323https://doaj.org/article/e10468cc02cb4074bedf49214ffae29b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11323https://doaj.org/toc/2578-5745Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that low physical activity levels during youth are associated with the development of thin knee cartilage, which may increase susceptibility to osteoarthritis later in life. Here, we propose and test the hypothesis that reductions in physical activity impair knee cartilage growth among people in developing countries experiencing urbanization and increased market integration. Methods Ultrasonography was used to measure knee cartilage thickness in 168 children and adolescents (aged 8‐17 years) from two groups in western Kenya: a rural, physically active group from a small‐scale farming community and an urban, less physically active group from the nearby city of Eldoret. We used general linear models to assess the relative effects of age on cartilage thickness in these two groups, controlling for sex and leg length. Results Both groups exhibited significant reductions in knee cartilage thickness with increasing age (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15‐0.06 mm), yet the rate of reduction was significantly less in the rural than in the urban group (P = 0.012; 95% CI 0.01‐0.10 mm). Conclusion The results support our hypothesis by showing that individuals from the more physically active rural group exhibited less knee cartilage loss during youth than the more sedentary urban group. Our findings suggest that reduced physical activity associated with urbanization in developing nations may affect adult knee cartilage thickness and thus could be a factor that increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis.Nicholas B. HolowkaIan J. WallaceAlexander MathiessenRobert Mang’eni OjiamboPaul OkutoyiSteven WorthingtonDaniel E. LiebermanWileyarticleDiseases of the musculoskeletal systemRC925-935ENACR Open Rheumatology, Vol 3, Iss 11, Pp 765-770 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
spellingShingle	Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935 Nicholas B. Holowka Ian J. Wallace Alexander Mathiessen Robert Mang’eni Ojiambo Paul Okutoyi Steven Worthington Daniel E. Lieberman Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
description	Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that low physical activity levels during youth are associated with the development of thin knee cartilage, which may increase susceptibility to osteoarthritis later in life. Here, we propose and test the hypothesis that reductions in physical activity impair knee cartilage growth among people in developing countries experiencing urbanization and increased market integration. Methods Ultrasonography was used to measure knee cartilage thickness in 168 children and adolescents (aged 8‐17 years) from two groups in western Kenya: a rural, physically active group from a small‐scale farming community and an urban, less physically active group from the nearby city of Eldoret. We used general linear models to assess the relative effects of age on cartilage thickness in these two groups, controlling for sex and leg length. Results Both groups exhibited significant reductions in knee cartilage thickness with increasing age (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15‐0.06 mm), yet the rate of reduction was significantly less in the rural than in the urban group (P = 0.012; 95% CI 0.01‐0.10 mm). Conclusion The results support our hypothesis by showing that individuals from the more physically active rural group exhibited less knee cartilage loss during youth than the more sedentary urban group. Our findings suggest that reduced physical activity associated with urbanization in developing nations may affect adult knee cartilage thickness and thus could be a factor that increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis.
format	article
author	Nicholas B. Holowka Ian J. Wallace Alexander Mathiessen Robert Mang’eni Ojiambo Paul Okutoyi Steven Worthington Daniel E. Lieberman
author_facet	Nicholas B. Holowka Ian J. Wallace Alexander Mathiessen Robert Mang’eni Ojiambo Paul Okutoyi Steven Worthington Daniel E. Lieberman
author_sort	Nicholas B. Holowka
title	Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
title_short	Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
title_full	Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
title_fullStr	Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
title_full_unstemmed	Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya
title_sort	urbanization and knee cartilage growth among children and adolescents in western kenya
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e10468cc02cb4074bedf49214ffae29b
work_keys_str_mv	AT nicholasbholowka urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT ianjwallace urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT alexandermathiessen urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT robertmangeniojiambo urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT paulokutoyi urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT stevenworthington urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya AT danielelieberman urbanizationandkneecartilagegrowthamongchildrenandadolescentsinwesternkenya
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Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya

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