Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid

As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to th...

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Autores principales:	Amir Hussain, Wajiha Shireen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	islanded microgrid frequency control battery energy storage model-based control droop and VSG control Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e10ee440efce4c9bb26084414437f6e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e10ee440efce4c9bb26084414437f6e82021-11-25T17:28:09ZGrid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid10.3390/en142277101996-1073https://doaj.org/article/e10ee440efce4c9bb26084414437f6e82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7710https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to the system by appropriately controlling the grid-side converter of the RESs. However, the primary frequency controller (PFC) presented in this paper focuses on the fast compensation of power imbalance without adding inertia to the system. The proposed method is based on estimating the real-time power imbalance caused by a disturbance and compensating it using multiple small-scale distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The power imbalance is estimated by observing the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following a disturbance. Based on the estimated power imbalance and the rating of the BESSs, the reference power for the BESSs is determined. The BESSs are controlled in grid-following mode to compensate for the power imbalance. The performance of the proposed PFC is verified using a Typhoon real-time simulator for various scenarios and is compared with the conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller.Amir HussainWajiha ShireenMDPI AGarticleislanded microgridfrequency controlbattery energy storagemodel-based controldroop and VSG controlTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7710, p 7710 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	islanded microgrid frequency control battery energy storage model-based control droop and VSG control Technology T
spellingShingle	islanded microgrid frequency control battery energy storage model-based control droop and VSG control Technology T Amir Hussain Wajiha Shireen Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
description	As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to the system by appropriately controlling the grid-side converter of the RESs. However, the primary frequency controller (PFC) presented in this paper focuses on the fast compensation of power imbalance without adding inertia to the system. The proposed method is based on estimating the real-time power imbalance caused by a disturbance and compensating it using multiple small-scale distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The power imbalance is estimated by observing the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following a disturbance. Based on the estimated power imbalance and the rating of the BESSs, the reference power for the BESSs is determined. The BESSs are controlled in grid-following mode to compensate for the power imbalance. The performance of the proposed PFC is verified using a Typhoon real-time simulator for various scenarios and is compared with the conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller.
format	article
author	Amir Hussain Wajiha Shireen
author_facet	Amir Hussain Wajiha Shireen
author_sort	Amir Hussain
title	Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
title_short	Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
title_full	Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
title_fullStr	Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
title_full_unstemmed	Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
title_sort	grid-following mode operation of small-scale distributed battery energy storages for fast frequency regulation in a mixed-source microgrid
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e10ee440efce4c9bb26084414437f6e8
work_keys_str_mv	AT amirhussain gridfollowingmodeoperationofsmallscaledistributedbatteryenergystoragesforfastfrequencyregulationinamixedsourcemicrogrid AT wajihashireen gridfollowingmodeoperationofsmallscaledistributedbatteryenergystoragesforfastfrequencyregulationinamixedsourcemicrogrid
_version_	1718412317826220032

Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid

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