Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium infection. Moreover, host oxidative enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, are upregulated in malaria patients. Although incre...

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Autores principales:	Marilyn Vasquez, Marisol Zuniga, Ana Rodriguez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax oxidative stress reactive oxygen species oxidation Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e11197988082483cbc4e9b16853dc3c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e11197988082483cbc4e9b16853dc3c72021-12-01T17:03:03ZOxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria2235-298810.3389/fcimb.2021.768182https://doaj.org/article/e11197988082483cbc4e9b16853dc3c72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768182/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2235-2988Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium infection. Moreover, host oxidative enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, are upregulated in malaria patients. Although increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to the clearance of the parasite, excessive amounts of these free radicals can mediate inflammation and cause extensive damage to host cells and tissues, probably contributing to severe pathologies. Plasmodium has a variety of antioxidant enzymes that allow it to survive amidst this oxidative onslaught. However, parasitic degradation of hemoglobin within the infected red blood cell generates free heme, which is released at the end of the replication cycle, further aggravating the oxidative burden on the host and possibly contributing to the severity of life-threatening malarial complications. Additionally, the highly inflammatory response to malaria contributes to exacerbate the oxidative response. In this review, we discuss host and parasite-derived sources of oxidative stress that may promote severe disease in P. falciparum infection. Therapeutics that restore and maintain oxidative balance in malaria patients may be useful in preventing lethal complications of this disease.Marilyn VasquezMarisol ZunigaAna RodriguezFrontiers Media S.A.articlemalariaPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivaxoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesoxidationMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax oxidative stress reactive oxygen species oxidation Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax oxidative stress reactive oxygen species oxidation Microbiology QR1-502 Marilyn Vasquez Marisol Zuniga Ana Rodriguez Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
description	Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium infection. Moreover, host oxidative enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, are upregulated in malaria patients. Although increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to the clearance of the parasite, excessive amounts of these free radicals can mediate inflammation and cause extensive damage to host cells and tissues, probably contributing to severe pathologies. Plasmodium has a variety of antioxidant enzymes that allow it to survive amidst this oxidative onslaught. However, parasitic degradation of hemoglobin within the infected red blood cell generates free heme, which is released at the end of the replication cycle, further aggravating the oxidative burden on the host and possibly contributing to the severity of life-threatening malarial complications. Additionally, the highly inflammatory response to malaria contributes to exacerbate the oxidative response. In this review, we discuss host and parasite-derived sources of oxidative stress that may promote severe disease in P. falciparum infection. Therapeutics that restore and maintain oxidative balance in malaria patients may be useful in preventing lethal complications of this disease.
format	article
author	Marilyn Vasquez Marisol Zuniga Ana Rodriguez
author_facet	Marilyn Vasquez Marisol Zuniga Ana Rodriguez
author_sort	Marilyn Vasquez
title	Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
title_short	Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
title_full	Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
title_fullStr	Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
title_full_unstemmed	Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria
title_sort	oxidative stress and pathogenesis in malaria
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e11197988082483cbc4e9b16853dc3c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT marilynvasquez oxidativestressandpathogenesisinmalaria AT marisolzuniga oxidativestressandpathogenesisinmalaria AT anarodriguez oxidativestressandpathogenesisinmalaria
_version_	1718404783862185984

Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

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