Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3’s role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease and is upregulated in a large...

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Autores principales:	Luana C. Soares, Osama Al-Dalahmah, James Hillis, Christopher C. Young, Isaiah Asbed, Masanori Sakaguchi, Eric O’Neill, Francis G. Szele
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	galectin Galectin-3 neurogenesis subventricular zone stem cells inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e15b078cf39b435ea88580a4252dd451
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e15b078cf39b435ea88580a4252dd4512021-11-25T17:10:48ZNovel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases10.3390/cells101130472073-4409https://doaj.org/article/e15b078cf39b435ea88580a4252dd4512021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3047https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3’s role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3’s carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful.Luana C. SoaresOsama Al-DalahmahJames HillisChristopher C. YoungIsaiah AsbedMasanori SakaguchiEric O’NeillFrancis G. SzeleMDPI AGarticlegalectinGalectin-3neurogenesissubventricular zonestem cellsinflammationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3047, p 3047 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	galectin Galectin-3 neurogenesis subventricular zone stem cells inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	galectin Galectin-3 neurogenesis subventricular zone stem cells inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Luana C. Soares Osama Al-Dalahmah James Hillis Christopher C. Young Isaiah Asbed Masanori Sakaguchi Eric O’Neill Francis G. Szele Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
description	Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3’s role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3’s carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful.
format	article
author	Luana C. Soares Osama Al-Dalahmah James Hillis Christopher C. Young Isaiah Asbed Masanori Sakaguchi Eric O’Neill Francis G. Szele
author_facet	Luana C. Soares Osama Al-Dalahmah James Hillis Christopher C. Young Isaiah Asbed Masanori Sakaguchi Eric O’Neill Francis G. Szele
author_sort	Luana C. Soares
title	Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
title_short	Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
title_full	Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
title_fullStr	Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases
title_sort	novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation and neurological diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e15b078cf39b435ea88580a4252dd451
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Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases

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