In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming

Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Altho...

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Autores principales:	Bianka Grunow, George Philipp Franz, Katrin Tönißen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fish cells 3R sturgeon salmonid ecotoxicology chemical solvents Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e19e0fa64186413db7291521ce3dc659
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e19e0fa64186413db7291521ce3dc6592021-11-25T19:08:05ZIn Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming10.3390/toxics91102862305-6304https://doaj.org/article/e19e0fa64186413db7291521ce3dc6592021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/286https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Although increasing metabolic activity at higher temperatures could lead to stronger effects of toxins, there are hardly any studies on this topic. Subsequently, the aim was to investigate the response of fish cells upon exposure to industrial solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in relation to a temperature increase (20 °C and 25 °C). Concerning the 3Rs (the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments), in vitro tests were used for two threatened, vulnerable fish species: maraena whitefish (<i>Coregonus maraena</i>) and Atlantic sturgeon (<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus</i>). Both cell lines exhibited higher proliferation at 25 °C. However, ecotoxicological results indicated significant differences regarding the cell line, toxin, temperature and exposure time. The evolutionarily older fish lineage, Atlantic sturgeon, demonstrated lower mortality rates in the presence of isopropanol and recovered better during long-term ethanol exposure than the maraena whitefish. Atlantic sturgeon cells have higher adaptation potential for these alcohols. In summary, fish species respond very specifically to toxins and changes in temperature, and new ecotoxicological questions arise with increasing water temperatures.Bianka GrunowGeorge Philipp FranzKatrin TönißenMDPI AGarticlefish cells3Rsturgeonsalmonidecotoxicologychemical solventsChemical technologyTP1-1185ENToxics, Vol 9, Iss 286, p 286 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fish cells 3R sturgeon salmonid ecotoxicology chemical solvents Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	fish cells 3R sturgeon salmonid ecotoxicology chemical solvents Chemical technology TP1-1185 Bianka Grunow George Philipp Franz Katrin Tönißen In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
description	Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Although increasing metabolic activity at higher temperatures could lead to stronger effects of toxins, there are hardly any studies on this topic. Subsequently, the aim was to investigate the response of fish cells upon exposure to industrial solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in relation to a temperature increase (20 °C and 25 °C). Concerning the 3Rs (the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments), in vitro tests were used for two threatened, vulnerable fish species: maraena whitefish (<i>Coregonus maraena</i>) and Atlantic sturgeon (<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus</i>). Both cell lines exhibited higher proliferation at 25 °C. However, ecotoxicological results indicated significant differences regarding the cell line, toxin, temperature and exposure time. The evolutionarily older fish lineage, Atlantic sturgeon, demonstrated lower mortality rates in the presence of isopropanol and recovered better during long-term ethanol exposure than the maraena whitefish. Atlantic sturgeon cells have higher adaptation potential for these alcohols. In summary, fish species respond very specifically to toxins and changes in temperature, and new ecotoxicological questions arise with increasing water temperatures.
format	article
author	Bianka Grunow George Philipp Franz Katrin Tönißen
author_facet	Bianka Grunow George Philipp Franz Katrin Tönißen
author_sort	Bianka Grunow
title	In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
title_short	In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
title_full	In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
title_fullStr	In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
title_full_unstemmed	In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming
title_sort	in vitro fish models for the analysis of ecotoxins and temperature increase in the context of global warming
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e19e0fa64186413db7291521ce3dc659
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In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming

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