Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves

Plants develop a plethora of defense strategies during their acclimation and interactions with various environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in the processes during stress acclimation, therefore deciphering their relevant responses exchange the interpretation of the under...

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Autores principales:	Polyxeni Pappi, Nikolaos Nikoloudakis, Dimitrios Fanourakis, Antonios Zambounis, Costas Delis, Georgios Tsaniklidis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i> flavonoids biotic stress abiotic stress phenolics phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e1aac5fc4a094985a0992decaa1fb8b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e1aac5fc4a094985a0992decaa1fb8b52021-11-25T17:47:15ZDifferential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves10.3390/horticulturae71104482311-7524https://doaj.org/article/e1aac5fc4a094985a0992decaa1fb8b52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/448https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524Plants develop a plethora of defense strategies during their acclimation and interactions with various environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in the processes during stress acclimation, therefore deciphering their relevant responses exchange the interpretation of the underlying molecular mechanisms that may contribute to improved adaptability and efficacy. In the current study, tomato plants were exposed to short-term cold stress (5 °C for 16 h) or inoculated (20 d) with either <i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i> (CMV) or <i>Potato Virus Y</i> (PVY). Responses were recorded via the assessments of leaf total phenolic (TP) content, total flavonoid (TF) levels, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. The transcription of the gene families regulating the core phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway (PBP) at an early (PAL, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) or late (chalcone synthase and flavonol synthase) stage was also evaluated. The results showed that cold stress stimulated an increase in TP and TF contents, while PAL enzyme activity was also elevated compared to viral infection. Besides genes transcription of the enzymes involved in the core PBP was mostly induced by cold stress, whereas transcription of the genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis was mainly triggered by viral infection. In conclusion, abiotic and biotic stressors induced differential regulation of the core PBP and flavonoid biosynthetic metabolism. Taking the above into consideration, our results highlight the complexity of tomato responses to diverse stimuli allowing for better elucidation of stress tolerance mechanisms at this crop.Polyxeni PappiNikolaos NikoloudakisDimitrios FanourakisAntonios ZambounisCostas DelisGeorgios TsaniklidisMDPI AGarticle<i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i>flavonoidsbiotic stressabiotic stressphenolicsphenylalanine ammonia-lyasePlant cultureSB1-1110ENHorticulturae, Vol 7, Iss 448, p 448 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i> flavonoids biotic stress abiotic stress phenolics phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	<i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i> flavonoids biotic stress abiotic stress phenolics phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Plant culture SB1-1110 Polyxeni Pappi Nikolaos Nikoloudakis Dimitrios Fanourakis Antonios Zambounis Costas Delis Georgios Tsaniklidis Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
description	Plants develop a plethora of defense strategies during their acclimation and interactions with various environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in the processes during stress acclimation, therefore deciphering their relevant responses exchange the interpretation of the underlying molecular mechanisms that may contribute to improved adaptability and efficacy. In the current study, tomato plants were exposed to short-term cold stress (5 °C for 16 h) or inoculated (20 d) with either <i>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</i> (CMV) or <i>Potato Virus Y</i> (PVY). Responses were recorded via the assessments of leaf total phenolic (TP) content, total flavonoid (TF) levels, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. The transcription of the gene families regulating the core phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway (PBP) at an early (PAL, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) or late (chalcone synthase and flavonol synthase) stage was also evaluated. The results showed that cold stress stimulated an increase in TP and TF contents, while PAL enzyme activity was also elevated compared to viral infection. Besides genes transcription of the enzymes involved in the core PBP was mostly induced by cold stress, whereas transcription of the genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis was mainly triggered by viral infection. In conclusion, abiotic and biotic stressors induced differential regulation of the core PBP and flavonoid biosynthetic metabolism. Taking the above into consideration, our results highlight the complexity of tomato responses to diverse stimuli allowing for better elucidation of stress tolerance mechanisms at this crop.
format	article
author	Polyxeni Pappi Nikolaos Nikoloudakis Dimitrios Fanourakis Antonios Zambounis Costas Delis Georgios Tsaniklidis
author_facet	Polyxeni Pappi Nikolaos Nikoloudakis Dimitrios Fanourakis Antonios Zambounis Costas Delis Georgios Tsaniklidis
author_sort	Polyxeni Pappi
title	Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
title_short	Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
title_full	Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
title_fullStr	Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
title_full_unstemmed	Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves
title_sort	differential triggering of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway key genes transcription upon cold stress and viral infection in tomato leaves
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e1aac5fc4a094985a0992decaa1fb8b5
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Differential Triggering of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Pathway Key Genes Transcription upon Cold Stress and Viral Infection in Tomato Leaves

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