Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)

The degradation states of archaeological white elm, with an age estimation of ~350 years, and poplar, with an age approximation of ~1000–1200 years, were studied by means of different chemical and microscopy analyses. Recently cut samples from the respective species were used for comparison reasons....

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Autores principales:	Amir Ghavidel, Reza Hosseinpourpia, Jana Gelbrich, Miklós Bak, Ion Sandu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	archaeological wood biological degradation FTIR light microscopy SEM Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e1abf72f3e064cc79b97d95133b95a75
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e1abf72f3e064cc79b97d95133b95a752021-11-11T15:18:35ZMicrostructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)10.3390/app1121102712076-3417https://doaj.org/article/e1abf72f3e064cc79b97d95133b95a752021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10271https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417The degradation states of archaeological white elm, with an age estimation of ~350 years, and poplar, with an age approximation of ~1000–1200 years, were studied by means of different chemical and microscopy analyses. Recently cut samples from the respective species were used for comparison reasons. The chemical composition analysis of the archaeological samples showed significantly low holocellulose values, while the lignin, extractive, and ash contents were considerably high, as compared with the recently cut samples. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the changes in the chemical structure of the archaeological elm and poplar samples. The light and scanning electron microscopies illustrated that the erosion bacteria were the main degrading agent in both archaeological elm and poplar, although the hyphae of rot fungi were detected inside the vessel elements of the archaeological poplar sample.Amir GhavidelReza HosseinpourpiaJana GelbrichMiklós BakIon SanduMDPI AGarticlearchaeological woodbiological degradationFTIRlight microscopySEMTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10271, p 10271 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	archaeological wood biological degradation FTIR light microscopy SEM Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	archaeological wood biological degradation FTIR light microscopy SEM Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Amir Ghavidel Reza Hosseinpourpia Jana Gelbrich Miklós Bak Ion Sandu Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
description	The degradation states of archaeological white elm, with an age estimation of ~350 years, and poplar, with an age approximation of ~1000–1200 years, were studied by means of different chemical and microscopy analyses. Recently cut samples from the respective species were used for comparison reasons. The chemical composition analysis of the archaeological samples showed significantly low holocellulose values, while the lignin, extractive, and ash contents were considerably high, as compared with the recently cut samples. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the changes in the chemical structure of the archaeological elm and poplar samples. The light and scanning electron microscopies illustrated that the erosion bacteria were the main degrading agent in both archaeological elm and poplar, although the hyphae of rot fungi were detected inside the vessel elements of the archaeological poplar sample.
format	article
author	Amir Ghavidel Reza Hosseinpourpia Jana Gelbrich Miklós Bak Ion Sandu
author_facet	Amir Ghavidel Reza Hosseinpourpia Jana Gelbrich Miklós Bak Ion Sandu
author_sort	Amir Ghavidel
title	Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
title_short	Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
title_full	Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
title_fullStr	Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
title_full_unstemmed	Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)
title_sort	microstructural and chemical characteristics of archaeological white elm (<i>ulmus laevis</i> p.) and poplar (<i>populus</i> spp.)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e1abf72f3e064cc79b97d95133b95a75
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Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (<i>Ulmus laevis</i> P.) and Poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.)

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