Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes

J Jill Heatley,1 Jennifer Cary,2,3 Lyndsey Kingsley,1 Hughes Beaufrere,4 Karen E Russell,5 Gary Voelker2,3 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 3Texas A&M Biodiversity Research...

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Autores principales:	Heatley JJ, Cary J, Kingsley L, Beaufrere H, Russell KE, Voelker G
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e1ad071473524e54998172015dbe22a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e1ad071473524e54998172015dbe22a92021-12-02T07:18:18ZMidazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/e1ad071473524e54998172015dbe22a92015-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/midazolam-sedates-passeriformes-for-field-sampling-but-affects-multipl-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034 J Jill Heatley,1 Jennifer Cary,2,3 Lyndsey Kingsley,1 Hughes Beaufrere,4 Karen E Russell,5 Gary Voelker2,3 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 3Texas A&M Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 4Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; 5Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA Abstract: Feasibility and effect of midazolam administration on blood analytes and for sedation of Passeriformes being collected in a larger study of genetic biodiversity was assessed. Midazolam (5.6±2.7 mg/kg) was administered intranasally prior to sampling, euthanasia, and specimen preparation of 104 passerine birds. Each bird was assessed for sedation score and then multiple analytes were determined from jugular blood samples using the i-STAT® point of care analyzer at “bird side”. Most birds were acceptably sedated, sedation became more pronounced as midazolam dose increased, and only a single bird died. Electrolyte concentrations and venous blood gas analytes were affected by midazolam administration while blood pH, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and calculated hematocrit were not. Intranasal midazolam gives adequate sedation and is safe for short-term use in free-living Passeriformes. Based on venous blood analyte data, sedation of Passeriformes prior to handling appears to reduce stress but also produces venous blood gas differences consistent with hypoventilation relative to birds which were not given midazolam. Further study is recommended to investigate midazolam's continued use in free-living avian species. Studies should include safety, reversal and recovery, effect upon additional endogenous analytes, and compatibility with studies of ecology and toxicology associated with pollution or other environmental degradation in Passeriformes. Keywords: Avian, benzodiazepine, biochemistry, blood gas, electrolyte, clinical pathologyHeatley JJCary JKingsley LBeaufrere HRussell KEVoelker GDove Medical PressarticleVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 61-69 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Heatley JJ Cary J Kingsley L Beaufrere H Russell KE Voelker G Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
description	J Jill Heatley,1 Jennifer Cary,2,3 Lyndsey Kingsley,1 Hughes Beaufrere,4 Karen E Russell,5 Gary Voelker2,3 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 3Texas A&M Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 4Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; 5Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA Abstract: Feasibility and effect of midazolam administration on blood analytes and for sedation of Passeriformes being collected in a larger study of genetic biodiversity was assessed. Midazolam (5.6±2.7 mg/kg) was administered intranasally prior to sampling, euthanasia, and specimen preparation of 104 passerine birds. Each bird was assessed for sedation score and then multiple analytes were determined from jugular blood samples using the i-STAT® point of care analyzer at “bird side”. Most birds were acceptably sedated, sedation became more pronounced as midazolam dose increased, and only a single bird died. Electrolyte concentrations and venous blood gas analytes were affected by midazolam administration while blood pH, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and calculated hematocrit were not. Intranasal midazolam gives adequate sedation and is safe for short-term use in free-living Passeriformes. Based on venous blood analyte data, sedation of Passeriformes prior to handling appears to reduce stress but also produces venous blood gas differences consistent with hypoventilation relative to birds which were not given midazolam. Further study is recommended to investigate midazolam's continued use in free-living avian species. Studies should include safety, reversal and recovery, effect upon additional endogenous analytes, and compatibility with studies of ecology and toxicology associated with pollution or other environmental degradation in Passeriformes. Keywords: Avian, benzodiazepine, biochemistry, blood gas, electrolyte, clinical pathology
format	article
author	Heatley JJ Cary J Kingsley L Beaufrere H Russell KE Voelker G
author_facet	Heatley JJ Cary J Kingsley L Beaufrere H Russell KE Voelker G
author_sort	Heatley JJ
title	Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
title_short	Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
title_full	Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
title_fullStr	Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
title_full_unstemmed	Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
title_sort	midazolam sedates passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/e1ad071473524e54998172015dbe22a9
work_keys_str_mv	AT heatleyjj midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes AT caryj midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes AT kingsleyl midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes AT beaufrereh midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes AT russellke midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes AT voelkerg midazolamsedatespasseriformesforfieldsamplingbutaffectsmultiplevenousbloodanalytes
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Midazolam sedates Passeriformes for field sampling but affects multiple venous blood analytes

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