Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis

Abstract Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. Recoil pressure depresses the melt pool. When the recoil pressure is low, thermal conduction and capillary forces may be inadequate to provide proper fusion between layers....

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Autores principales:	Tristan Cullom, Cody Lough, Nicholas Altese, Douglas Bristow, Robert Landers, Ben Brown, Troy Hartwig, Andrew Barnard, Jason Blough, Kevin Johnson, Edward Kinzel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e23517429dd14f3db25db181eb6b3210
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e23517429dd14f3db25db181eb6b32102021-12-02T15:00:55ZFrequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis10.1038/s41598-021-90423-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e23517429dd14f3db25db181eb6b32102021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90423-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. Recoil pressure depresses the melt pool. When the recoil pressure is low, thermal conduction and capillary forces may be inadequate to provide proper fusion between layers. However, excessive recoil pressure can produce a keyhole inside the melt pool, which is associated with gas porosity. Direct recoil pressure measurements are challenging because it is localized over an area proportionate to the laser spot size producing a force in the mN range. This paper reports a vibration-based approach to quantify the recoil force exerted on a part in a commercial LPBF machine. The measured recoil force is consistent with estimates from high speed synchrotron imaging of entrained particles, and the results show that the recoil force scales with applied laser power and is inversely related to the laser scan speed. These results facilitate further studies of melt pool dynamics and have the potential to aid process development for new materials.Tristan CullomCody LoughNicholas AlteseDouglas BristowRobert LandersBen BrownTroy HartwigAndrew BarnardJason BloughKevin JohnsonEdward KinzelNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tristan Cullom Cody Lough Nicholas Altese Douglas Bristow Robert Landers Ben Brown Troy Hartwig Andrew Barnard Jason Blough Kevin Johnson Edward Kinzel Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
description	Abstract Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. Recoil pressure depresses the melt pool. When the recoil pressure is low, thermal conduction and capillary forces may be inadequate to provide proper fusion between layers. However, excessive recoil pressure can produce a keyhole inside the melt pool, which is associated with gas porosity. Direct recoil pressure measurements are challenging because it is localized over an area proportionate to the laser spot size producing a force in the mN range. This paper reports a vibration-based approach to quantify the recoil force exerted on a part in a commercial LPBF machine. The measured recoil force is consistent with estimates from high speed synchrotron imaging of entrained particles, and the results show that the recoil force scales with applied laser power and is inversely related to the laser scan speed. These results facilitate further studies of melt pool dynamics and have the potential to aid process development for new materials.
format	article
author	Tristan Cullom Cody Lough Nicholas Altese Douglas Bristow Robert Landers Ben Brown Troy Hartwig Andrew Barnard Jason Blough Kevin Johnson Edward Kinzel
author_facet	Tristan Cullom Cody Lough Nicholas Altese Douglas Bristow Robert Landers Ben Brown Troy Hartwig Andrew Barnard Jason Blough Kevin Johnson Edward Kinzel
author_sort	Tristan Cullom
title	Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
title_short	Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
title_full	Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
title_fullStr	Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
title_sort	frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e23517429dd14f3db25db181eb6b3210
work_keys_str_mv	AT tristancullom frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT codylough frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT nicholasaltese frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT douglasbristow frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT robertlanders frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT benbrown frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT troyhartwig frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT andrewbarnard frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT jasonblough frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT kevinjohnson frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis AT edwardkinzel frequencydomainmeasurementsofmeltpoolrecoilforceusingmodalanalysis
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Frequency domain measurements of melt pool recoil force using modal analysis

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