Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy

Abstract All banknotes have security features which are intended to help determine whether they are false or genuine. Typically, however, the general public has limited knowledge of where on a banknote these security features can be found. Here, we tested whether counterfeit detection can be improve...

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Autores principales:	Frank van der Horst, Joshua Snell, Jan Theeuwes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Attention Decision-making Gist Vision Cueing Authentication Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e27de74542964fc78de78cb2c45e70dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e27de74542964fc78de78cb2c45e70dd2021-11-14T12:30:52ZEnhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy10.1186/s41235-021-00341-x2365-7464https://doaj.org/article/e27de74542964fc78de78cb2c45e70dd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00341-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2365-7464Abstract All banknotes have security features which are intended to help determine whether they are false or genuine. Typically, however, the general public has limited knowledge of where on a banknote these security features can be found. Here, we tested whether counterfeit detection can be improved with the help of salient elements, designed to guide bottom-up visuospatial attention. We also tested the influence of the participant’s a priori level of trust in the authenticity of the banknote. In an online study (N = 422), a demographically diverse panel of Dutch participants distinguished genuine banknotes from banknotes with one (left- or right-sided) counterfeited security feature. Either normal banknotes (without novel design elements) or banknotes that contained a salient element (a pink rectangular frame) were presented for 1 s. To manipulate the participant’s level of trust, trials were administered in three blocks, whereby at the start of each block, participants were instructed that either one third, one half, or two thirds of the upcoming banknotes were counterfeit (though the true ratio was always 1:1). We hypothesized (i) that in the presence of a salient element, counterfeits would be better detected when the location of the salient element aligned with the location of the counterfeited security feature—i.e. that it would act as an attentional cue; and (ii) that this effect would be stronger with lower trust. Our hypotheses were partly confirmed: counterfeit detection improved with ‘valid cues’ and decreasing trust, but the level of trust did not modulate the cueing effect. As the overall detection performance was rather poor, we replicated the study with a sample of university students (N = 66), this time presenting stimuli until response. While indeed observing better overall performance, all other patterns were replicated. Our results provide evidence that attention can be guided to enhance banknote authentication.Frank van der HorstJoshua SnellJan TheeuwesSpringerOpenarticleAttentionDecision-makingGistVisionCueingAuthenticationConsciousness. CognitionBF309-499ENCognitive Research, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Attention Decision-making Gist Vision Cueing Authentication Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499
spellingShingle	Attention Decision-making Gist Vision Cueing Authentication Consciousness. Cognition BF309-499 Frank van der Horst Joshua Snell Jan Theeuwes Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
description	Abstract All banknotes have security features which are intended to help determine whether they are false or genuine. Typically, however, the general public has limited knowledge of where on a banknote these security features can be found. Here, we tested whether counterfeit detection can be improved with the help of salient elements, designed to guide bottom-up visuospatial attention. We also tested the influence of the participant’s a priori level of trust in the authenticity of the banknote. In an online study (N = 422), a demographically diverse panel of Dutch participants distinguished genuine banknotes from banknotes with one (left- or right-sided) counterfeited security feature. Either normal banknotes (without novel design elements) or banknotes that contained a salient element (a pink rectangular frame) were presented for 1 s. To manipulate the participant’s level of trust, trials were administered in three blocks, whereby at the start of each block, participants were instructed that either one third, one half, or two thirds of the upcoming banknotes were counterfeit (though the true ratio was always 1:1). We hypothesized (i) that in the presence of a salient element, counterfeits would be better detected when the location of the salient element aligned with the location of the counterfeited security feature—i.e. that it would act as an attentional cue; and (ii) that this effect would be stronger with lower trust. Our hypotheses were partly confirmed: counterfeit detection improved with ‘valid cues’ and decreasing trust, but the level of trust did not modulate the cueing effect. As the overall detection performance was rather poor, we replicated the study with a sample of university students (N = 66), this time presenting stimuli until response. While indeed observing better overall performance, all other patterns were replicated. Our results provide evidence that attention can be guided to enhance banknote authentication.
format	article
author	Frank van der Horst Joshua Snell Jan Theeuwes
author_facet	Frank van der Horst Joshua Snell Jan Theeuwes
author_sort	Frank van der Horst
title	Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
title_short	Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
title_full	Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
title_fullStr	Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
title_sort	enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e27de74542964fc78de78cb2c45e70dd
work_keys_str_mv	AT frankvanderhorst enhancingbanknoteauthenticationbyguidingattentiontosecurityfeaturesandmanipulatingprevalenceexpectancy AT joshuasnell enhancingbanknoteauthenticationbyguidingattentiontosecurityfeaturesandmanipulatingprevalenceexpectancy AT jantheeuwes enhancingbanknoteauthenticationbyguidingattentiontosecurityfeaturesandmanipulatingprevalenceexpectancy
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Enhancing banknote authentication by guiding attention to security features and manipulating prevalence expectancy

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