Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of metal (Co and Mo) impregnation to ZSM-5 catalysts on the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) ratio as the active sites of cracking reaction, and the catalysts’ performance testing for palm oil cracking to produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels. Both metals...

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Autores principales:	Teguh Riyanto, Istadi Istadi, Bunjerd Jongsomjit, Didi D. Anggoro, Aryadita Ayu Pratama, Muhammad Aviv Al Faris
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	palm oil catalytic cracking biofuels hydrocarbon Co-Mo/ZSM-5 Brønsted–Lewis acid sites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2829b3bc52c463cad70b2cdef53e570
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2829b3bc52c463cad70b2cdef53e5702021-11-25T17:05:27ZImproved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels10.3390/catal111112862073-4344https://doaj.org/article/e2829b3bc52c463cad70b2cdef53e5702021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1286https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of metal (Co and Mo) impregnation to ZSM-5 catalysts on the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) ratio as the active sites of cracking reaction, and the catalysts’ performance testing for palm oil cracking to produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels. Both metals were impregnated on the ZSM-5 catalyst using a wet-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Pyridine-probed Fourier-Transform Infrared (Py-FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The catalysts were tested on the cracking process of palm oil to biofuels in a continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In order to determine the composition of the organic liquid product (OLP, biofuels), the product was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results showed that the co-impregnation of Co and Mo to ZSM-5 highly increased the Brønsted to Lewis acid site (B/L) ratio, although the total number of acid sites decreased. However, the impregnation of Co and Mo on the ZSM-5 decreased the surface area of catalysts due to pore blocking by metals, while the B/L ratio of the catalysts increased. It was obtained that by utilizing Co- and Mo-impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts, the hydrocarbons product selectivity increased from 84.32% to 95.26%; however, the yield of biofuels decreased from 67.57% to 41.35%. The increase in hydrocarbons product selectivity was caused by the improvement of the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid sites ratio.Teguh RiyantoIstadi IstadiBunjerd JongsomjitDidi D. AnggoroAryadita Ayu PratamaMuhammad Aviv Al FarisMDPI AGarticlepalm oilcatalytic crackingbiofuelshydrocarbonCo-Mo/ZSM-5Brønsted–Lewis acid sitesChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENCatalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1286, p 1286 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	palm oil catalytic cracking biofuels hydrocarbon Co-Mo/ZSM-5 Brønsted–Lewis acid sites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	palm oil catalytic cracking biofuels hydrocarbon Co-Mo/ZSM-5 Brønsted–Lewis acid sites Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Teguh Riyanto Istadi Istadi Bunjerd Jongsomjit Didi D. Anggoro Aryadita Ayu Pratama Muhammad Aviv Al Faris Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
description	The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of metal (Co and Mo) impregnation to ZSM-5 catalysts on the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) ratio as the active sites of cracking reaction, and the catalysts’ performance testing for palm oil cracking to produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels. Both metals were impregnated on the ZSM-5 catalyst using a wet-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Pyridine-probed Fourier-Transform Infrared (Py-FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The catalysts were tested on the cracking process of palm oil to biofuels in a continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In order to determine the composition of the organic liquid product (OLP, biofuels), the product was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results showed that the co-impregnation of Co and Mo to ZSM-5 highly increased the Brønsted to Lewis acid site (B/L) ratio, although the total number of acid sites decreased. However, the impregnation of Co and Mo on the ZSM-5 decreased the surface area of catalysts due to pore blocking by metals, while the B/L ratio of the catalysts increased. It was obtained that by utilizing Co- and Mo-impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts, the hydrocarbons product selectivity increased from 84.32% to 95.26%; however, the yield of biofuels decreased from 67.57% to 41.35%. The increase in hydrocarbons product selectivity was caused by the improvement of the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid sites ratio.
format	article
author	Teguh Riyanto Istadi Istadi Bunjerd Jongsomjit Didi D. Anggoro Aryadita Ayu Pratama Muhammad Aviv Al Faris
author_facet	Teguh Riyanto Istadi Istadi Bunjerd Jongsomjit Didi D. Anggoro Aryadita Ayu Pratama Muhammad Aviv Al Faris
author_sort	Teguh Riyanto
title	Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
title_short	Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
title_full	Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
title_fullStr	Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
title_full_unstemmed	Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels
title_sort	improved brønsted to lewis (b/l) ratio of co- and mo-impregnated zsm-5 catalysts for palm oil conversion to hydrocarbon-rich biofuels
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2829b3bc52c463cad70b2cdef53e570
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Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels

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