Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer

Somatostatin (SST)/somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF) is a well-known neuropeptide, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission via interaction with five SST receptors (SST1-5). In the gastrointestinal...

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Autor principal:	Aldona Kasprzak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	colorectal cancer neuroendocrine tumors SRIF system clinical application Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2a01dd415584e9daba91165ce01ea59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2a01dd415584e9daba91165ce01ea592021-11-25T16:51:40ZSomatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer10.3390/biomedicines91117432227-9059https://doaj.org/article/e2a01dd415584e9daba91165ce01ea592021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1743https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Somatostatin (SST)/somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF) is a well-known neuropeptide, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission via interaction with five SST receptors (SST1-5). In the gastrointestinal tract, the main SST-producing cells include intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) restricted to the mucosa, and neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. The action of the SRIF system is based on the inhibition of endocrine and exocrine secretion, as well as the proliferative responses of target cells. The SST1–5 share common signaling pathways, and are not only widely expressed on normal tissues, but also frequently overexpressed by several tumors, particularly neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Furthermore, the SRIF system represents the only peptide/G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) system with multiple approved clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of several NENs. The role of the SRIF system in the histogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes (e.g., adenocarcinoma and signet ring-cell carcinoma), as well as diagnosis and prognosis of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and pure adenocarcinoma, is poorly understood. Moreover, the impact of the SRIF system signaling on CRC cell proliferation and its potential role in the progression of this cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent collective knowledge and understanding of the clinical significance of the SRIF system signaling in CRC, aiming to evaluate the potential role of its components in CRC histogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapy.Aldona KasprzakMDPI AGarticlecolorectal cancerneuroendocrine tumorsSRIF systemclinical applicationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1743, p 1743 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	colorectal cancer neuroendocrine tumors SRIF system clinical application Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	colorectal cancer neuroendocrine tumors SRIF system clinical application Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Aldona Kasprzak Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
description	Somatostatin (SST)/somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF) is a well-known neuropeptide, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission via interaction with five SST receptors (SST1-5). In the gastrointestinal tract, the main SST-producing cells include intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) restricted to the mucosa, and neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. The action of the SRIF system is based on the inhibition of endocrine and exocrine secretion, as well as the proliferative responses of target cells. The SST1–5 share common signaling pathways, and are not only widely expressed on normal tissues, but also frequently overexpressed by several tumors, particularly neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Furthermore, the SRIF system represents the only peptide/G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) system with multiple approved clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of several NENs. The role of the SRIF system in the histogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes (e.g., adenocarcinoma and signet ring-cell carcinoma), as well as diagnosis and prognosis of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and pure adenocarcinoma, is poorly understood. Moreover, the impact of the SRIF system signaling on CRC cell proliferation and its potential role in the progression of this cancer remains unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent collective knowledge and understanding of the clinical significance of the SRIF system signaling in CRC, aiming to evaluate the potential role of its components in CRC histogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapy.
format	article
author	Aldona Kasprzak
author_facet	Aldona Kasprzak
author_sort	Aldona Kasprzak
title	Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
title_short	Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
title_full	Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
title_fullStr	Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer
title_sort	somatostatin and its receptor system in colorectal cancer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2a01dd415584e9daba91165ce01ea59
work_keys_str_mv	AT aldonakasprzak somatostatinanditsreceptorsystemincolorectalcancer
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Somatostatin and Its Receptor System in Colorectal Cancer

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