Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption

Abstract Background Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are widely recognized prebiotics that profoundly affect the intestinal microbiota, including stimulation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and are reported to elicit several health benefits. The combinati...

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Autores principales:	Jori Fuhren, Markus Schwalbe, Jos Boekhorst, Christiane Rösch, Henk A. Schols, Michiel Kleerebezem
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Intestinal microbiota Short chain fatty acids Diet Prebiotics Calcium phosphate Microbial ecology QR100-130
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2bc34305f4a49fb94a1664ef2cceb5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2bc34305f4a49fb94a1664ef2cceb5b2021-11-07T12:12:32ZDietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption10.1186/s40168-021-01148-02049-2618https://doaj.org/article/e2bc34305f4a49fb94a1664ef2cceb5b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01148-0https://doaj.org/toc/2049-2618Abstract Background Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are widely recognized prebiotics that profoundly affect the intestinal microbiota, including stimulation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and are reported to elicit several health benefits. The combination of dietary FOS and inulin with calcium phosphate was reported to stimulate commensal Lactobacillus populations and protect the host against pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae, but little is known about the effects of GOS in diets with a different level of calcium phosphate. Methods We investigated the microbiome changes elicited by dietary supplementation with GOS or inulin using diets with high (100 mmol/kg) and low (30 mmol/kg) calcium phosphate levels in adult Wistar rats. Rats were acclimatized to the respective experimental diets for 14 days, after which fecal material was collected, DNA was extracted from fecal material, and the V3‑V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with PCR, followed by microbial composition analysis. In tandem, the organic acid profiles of the fecal material were analyzed. Results Feeding rats non-supplemented (no prebiotic-added) diets revealed that diets rich in calcium phosphate favored members of the Firmicutes and increased fecal lactic, succinic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid levels. In contrast, relatively low dietary calcium phosphate levels promoted the abundance of mucin degrading genera like Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and resulted in increased fecal propionic acid levels and modest increases in lactic and butyric acid levels. Irrespective of the calcium phosphate levels, supplementation with GOS or inulin strongly stimulated Bifidobacterium, while only high calcium phosphate diets increased the endogenous Faecalibaculum populations. Conclusions Despite the prebiotic’s substantial difference in chemical structure, sugar composition, oligomer size, and the microbial degradation pathway involved in their utilization, inulin and GOS modulated the gut microbiota very similarly, in a manner that strongly depended on the dietary calcium phosphate level. Therefore, our study implies that the collection of detailed diet information including micronutrient balance is necessary to correctly assess diet-driven microbiota analysis. Video AbstractJori FuhrenMarkus SchwalbeJos BoekhorstChristiane RöschHenk A. ScholsMichiel KleerebezemBMCarticleIntestinal microbiotaShort chain fatty acidsDietPrebioticsCalcium phosphateMicrobial ecologyQR100-130ENMicrobiome, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Intestinal microbiota Short chain fatty acids Diet Prebiotics Calcium phosphate Microbial ecology QR100-130
spellingShingle	Intestinal microbiota Short chain fatty acids Diet Prebiotics Calcium phosphate Microbial ecology QR100-130 Jori Fuhren Markus Schwalbe Jos Boekhorst Christiane Rösch Henk A. Schols Michiel Kleerebezem Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
description	Abstract Background Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are widely recognized prebiotics that profoundly affect the intestinal microbiota, including stimulation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and are reported to elicit several health benefits. The combination of dietary FOS and inulin with calcium phosphate was reported to stimulate commensal Lactobacillus populations and protect the host against pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae, but little is known about the effects of GOS in diets with a different level of calcium phosphate. Methods We investigated the microbiome changes elicited by dietary supplementation with GOS or inulin using diets with high (100 mmol/kg) and low (30 mmol/kg) calcium phosphate levels in adult Wistar rats. Rats were acclimatized to the respective experimental diets for 14 days, after which fecal material was collected, DNA was extracted from fecal material, and the V3‑V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with PCR, followed by microbial composition analysis. In tandem, the organic acid profiles of the fecal material were analyzed. Results Feeding rats non-supplemented (no prebiotic-added) diets revealed that diets rich in calcium phosphate favored members of the Firmicutes and increased fecal lactic, succinic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid levels. In contrast, relatively low dietary calcium phosphate levels promoted the abundance of mucin degrading genera like Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and resulted in increased fecal propionic acid levels and modest increases in lactic and butyric acid levels. Irrespective of the calcium phosphate levels, supplementation with GOS or inulin strongly stimulated Bifidobacterium, while only high calcium phosphate diets increased the endogenous Faecalibaculum populations. Conclusions Despite the prebiotic’s substantial difference in chemical structure, sugar composition, oligomer size, and the microbial degradation pathway involved in their utilization, inulin and GOS modulated the gut microbiota very similarly, in a manner that strongly depended on the dietary calcium phosphate level. Therefore, our study implies that the collection of detailed diet information including micronutrient balance is necessary to correctly assess diet-driven microbiota analysis. Video Abstract
format	article
author	Jori Fuhren Markus Schwalbe Jos Boekhorst Christiane Rösch Henk A. Schols Michiel Kleerebezem
author_facet	Jori Fuhren Markus Schwalbe Jos Boekhorst Christiane Rösch Henk A. Schols Michiel Kleerebezem
author_sort	Jori Fuhren
title	Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
title_short	Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
title_full	Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
title_fullStr	Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
title_full_unstemmed	Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
title_sort	dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2bc34305f4a49fb94a1664ef2cceb5b
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Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption

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