Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

Abstract Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical proces...

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Autores principales:	Deepak Dwivedi, Jitendra P. Mata, Filomena Salvemini, Matthew R. Rowles, Thomas Becker, Kateřina Lepková
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2be8277c70f4d0eb07283b11f6337cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2be8277c70f4d0eb07283b11f6337cf2021-12-02T14:03:45ZUncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice10.1038/s41598-021-81918-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e2be8277c70f4d0eb07283b11f6337cf2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81918-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called ‘Agaria’. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh). Iron artefacts are investigated using a range of correlative microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction and tomographic techniques to postulate the hidden mechanisms of superlative corrosion resistance. The importance of manufacturing steps, ingredients involved in Agaria’s iron making process, and post-metal treatment using metal-working operation called hot hammering (forging) is highlighted. This study also hypothesizes the probable protective mechanisms of corrosion resistance of iron. Findings are expected to have a broad impact across multiple disciplines such as archaeology, metallurgy and materials science.Deepak DwivediJitendra P. MataFilomena SalveminiMatthew R. RowlesThomas BeckerKateřina LepkováNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Deepak Dwivedi Jitendra P. Mata Filomena Salvemini Matthew R. Rowles Thomas Becker Kateřina Lepková Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
description	Abstract Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called ‘Agaria’. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh). Iron artefacts are investigated using a range of correlative microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction and tomographic techniques to postulate the hidden mechanisms of superlative corrosion resistance. The importance of manufacturing steps, ingredients involved in Agaria’s iron making process, and post-metal treatment using metal-working operation called hot hammering (forging) is highlighted. This study also hypothesizes the probable protective mechanisms of corrosion resistance of iron. Findings are expected to have a broad impact across multiple disciplines such as archaeology, metallurgy and materials science.
format	article
author	Deepak Dwivedi Jitendra P. Mata Filomena Salvemini Matthew R. Rowles Thomas Becker Kateřina Lepková
author_facet	Deepak Dwivedi Jitendra P. Mata Filomena Salvemini Matthew R. Rowles Thomas Becker Kateřina Lepková
author_sort	Deepak Dwivedi
title	Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
title_short	Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
title_full	Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
title_fullStr	Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
title_full_unstemmed	Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice
title_sort	uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient indian iron-making practice
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2be8277c70f4d0eb07283b11f6337cf
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Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

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