Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex

Abstract The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor learning; however, its interaction with other brain areas during motor learning remains unclear. We hypothesized that the fronto-parietal execution network (FPN) provides learning-related information critical for the flexible cognitive cont...

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Autores principales:	Shuki Maruyama, Masaki Fukunaga, Sho K. Sugawara, Yuki H. Hamano, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Norihiro Sadato
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2d06f850a484b3aa7728d38baecdf19
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2d06f850a484b3aa7728d38baecdf192021-12-02T17:24:11ZCognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex10.1038/s41598-021-97974-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e2d06f850a484b3aa7728d38baecdf192021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97974-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor learning; however, its interaction with other brain areas during motor learning remains unclear. We hypothesized that the fronto-parietal execution network (FPN) provides learning-related information critical for the flexible cognitive control that is required for practice. We assessed network-level changes during sequential finger tapping learning under speed pressure by combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was a motor learning-related increase in preparatory activity in the fronto-parietal regions, including the right M1, overlapping the FPN and sensorimotor network (SMN). Learning-related increases in M1-seeded functional connectivity with the FPN, but not the SMN, were associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1, which were more prominent in the parietal than the frontal region. A decrease in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the right M1 was positively correlated with improvements in task performance (p = 0.042). Our findings indicate that motor learning driven by cognitive control is associated with local variations in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1 that reflects remote connectivity with the FPN, representing network-level motor sequence learning formations.Shuki MaruyamaMasaki FukunagaSho K. SugawaraYuki H. HamanoTetsuya YamamotoNorihiro SadatoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shuki Maruyama Masaki Fukunaga Sho K. Sugawara Yuki H. Hamano Tetsuya Yamamoto Norihiro Sadato Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
description	Abstract The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor learning; however, its interaction with other brain areas during motor learning remains unclear. We hypothesized that the fronto-parietal execution network (FPN) provides learning-related information critical for the flexible cognitive control that is required for practice. We assessed network-level changes during sequential finger tapping learning under speed pressure by combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. There was a motor learning-related increase in preparatory activity in the fronto-parietal regions, including the right M1, overlapping the FPN and sensorimotor network (SMN). Learning-related increases in M1-seeded functional connectivity with the FPN, but not the SMN, were associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1, which were more prominent in the parietal than the frontal region. A decrease in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the right M1 was positively correlated with improvements in task performance (p = 0.042). Our findings indicate that motor learning driven by cognitive control is associated with local variations in the GABA/glutamate ratio in the M1 that reflects remote connectivity with the FPN, representing network-level motor sequence learning formations.
format	article
author	Shuki Maruyama Masaki Fukunaga Sho K. Sugawara Yuki H. Hamano Tetsuya Yamamoto Norihiro Sadato
author_facet	Shuki Maruyama Masaki Fukunaga Sho K. Sugawara Yuki H. Hamano Tetsuya Yamamoto Norihiro Sadato
author_sort	Shuki Maruyama
title	Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
title_short	Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
title_full	Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
title_fullStr	Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
title_full_unstemmed	Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex
title_sort	cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in gaba within the primary motor cortex
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2d06f850a484b3aa7728d38baecdf19
work_keys_str_mv	AT shukimaruyama cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex AT masakifukunaga cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex AT shoksugawara cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex AT yukihhamano cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex AT tetsuyayamamoto cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex AT norihirosadato cognitivecontrolaffectsmotorlearningthroughlocalvariationsingabawithintheprimarymotorcortex
_version_	1718380940080709632

Cognitive control affects motor learning through local variations in GABA within the primary motor cortex

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