Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways

Approval of checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has opened the door for the use of immunotherapies against this disease. However, not all patients with mTNBC respond to current immunotherapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent evidence...

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Autores principales:	Michelle M. Williams, Sabrina A. Hafeez, Jessica L. Christenson, Kathleen I. O’Neill, Nia G. Hammond, Jennifer K. Richer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	triple negative breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition immune suppression immunotherapy metastasis Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2edb5704120464694919c5e63ee7665
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2edb5704120464694919c5e63ee76652021-11-25T18:39:31ZReversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways10.3390/ph141111221424-8247https://doaj.org/article/e2edb5704120464694919c5e63ee76652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/11/1122https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8247Approval of checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has opened the door for the use of immunotherapies against this disease. However, not all patients with mTNBC respond to current immunotherapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that TNBC metastases are more immune suppressed than primary tumors, suggesting that combination or additional immunotherapy strategies may be required to activate an anti-tumor immune attack at metastatic sites. To identify other immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by mTNBC, our group and others manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in TNBC models to reveal differences between this breast cancer subtype and its more epithelial counterpart. This review will discuss how EMT modulation revealed several mechanisms, including tumor cell metabolism, cytokine milieu and secretion of additional immune modulators, by which mTNBC cells may suppress both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Many of these pathways/proteins are under preclinical or clinical investigation as therapeutic targets in mTNBC and other advanced cancers to enhance their response to chemotherapy and/or checkpoint inhibitors.Michelle M. WilliamsSabrina A. HafeezJessica L. ChristensonKathleen I. O’NeillNia G. HammondJennifer K. RicherMDPI AGarticletriple negative breast cancerepithelial-to-mesenchymal transitionimmune suppressionimmunotherapymetastasisMedicineRPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceuticals, Vol 14, Iss 1122, p 1122 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	triple negative breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition immune suppression immunotherapy metastasis Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	triple negative breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition immune suppression immunotherapy metastasis Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Michelle M. Williams Sabrina A. Hafeez Jessica L. Christenson Kathleen I. O’Neill Nia G. Hammond Jennifer K. Richer Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
description	Approval of checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has opened the door for the use of immunotherapies against this disease. However, not all patients with mTNBC respond to current immunotherapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that TNBC metastases are more immune suppressed than primary tumors, suggesting that combination or additional immunotherapy strategies may be required to activate an anti-tumor immune attack at metastatic sites. To identify other immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by mTNBC, our group and others manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in TNBC models to reveal differences between this breast cancer subtype and its more epithelial counterpart. This review will discuss how EMT modulation revealed several mechanisms, including tumor cell metabolism, cytokine milieu and secretion of additional immune modulators, by which mTNBC cells may suppress both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Many of these pathways/proteins are under preclinical or clinical investigation as therapeutic targets in mTNBC and other advanced cancers to enhance their response to chemotherapy and/or checkpoint inhibitors.
format	article
author	Michelle M. Williams Sabrina A. Hafeez Jessica L. Christenson Kathleen I. O’Neill Nia G. Hammond Jennifer K. Richer
author_facet	Michelle M. Williams Sabrina A. Hafeez Jessica L. Christenson Kathleen I. O’Neill Nia G. Hammond Jennifer K. Richer
author_sort	Michelle M. Williams
title	Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
title_short	Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
title_full	Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
title_fullStr	Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
title_full_unstemmed	Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways
title_sort	reversing an oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program in breast cancer reveals actionable immune suppressive pathways
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2edb5704120464694919c5e63ee7665
work_keys_str_mv	AT michellemwilliams reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways AT sabrinaahafeez reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways AT jessicalchristenson reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways AT kathleenioneill reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways AT niaghammond reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways AT jenniferkricher reversinganoncogenicepithelialtomesenchymaltransitionprograminbreastcancerrevealsactionableimmunesuppressivepathways
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Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways

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