Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria

In 1541 the Oirats managed to form the Middle Confederation, which was led by the Khoshuts as the most powerful people. In the second half of the same XVI century the Oirats, suffering from attacks of their neighbors - the Turkic peoples from the west and south and the eastern Mongols from the east,...

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Autor principal:	Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 2021
Materias:	altan khan altyn khan derbets dzungars elets hoyts irtysh khoshuts oirats torguts yamysh History (General) D1-2009
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2f33b0d81b44ef48f7065a4ff2c5e99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2f33b0d81b44ef48f7065a4ff2c5e992021-11-12T13:09:20ZMigration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria2312-81272312-833X10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-420-430https://doaj.org/article/e2f33b0d81b44ef48f7065a4ff2c5e992021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/viewFile/29423/19998https://doaj.org/toc/2312-8127https://doaj.org/toc/2312-833XIn 1541 the Oirats managed to form the Middle Confederation, which was led by the Khoshuts as the most powerful people. In the second half of the same XVI century the Oirats, suffering from attacks of their neighbors - the Turkic peoples from the west and south and the eastern Mongols from the east, began to move towards southern Siberia. Earlier they used to roam along the Black Irtysh river and north of the lake Zaysan, but now they began to move below the lake Yamysh. Opinions on the migration routes of the Oirats, existing in the literature, need clarification. The author offers his vision based on the archival materials and the Mongolian sources: the Hoyt Oirats, driven out of Kharakhoto by the Tumat Altan Khan, were the first to go towards the Altai Mountains. The next were the Torgut Oirats, who crossed the Altai, and then, together with the Derbets, they moved down the Irtysh river. The Elelets, the future Dzungars, left Western Mongolia for the Yenisei river sources. Already in the second decade of the 17th century the Oirats wandered along Om, Kamyshlov, Tobol and Ishim rivers, that is, they were roaming along the middle reaches of the Irtysh river. In 1623, at lake Yamysh, they defeated the troops of the Hotogoit Altyn Khan Sholoi Ubashi-Khuntaiji, but this victory did not exclude an internal struggle in the ruling house of the Khoshuts, which resulted in weakening of this people. Further civil strife forced the Torguts to move towards west, and in the early 1630s they reached the Volga river. Migrations over such long distances were possible only if there was an effective management apparatus, while maintaining traditions and identity.Baatr Uchaevich KitinovPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)articlealtan khanaltyn khanderbetsdzungarseletshoytsirtyshkhoshutsoiratstorgutsyamyshHistory (General)D1-2009ENRURUDN Journal of World History, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp 420-430 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	altan khan altyn khan derbets dzungars elets hoyts irtysh khoshuts oirats torguts yamysh History (General) D1-2009
spellingShingle	altan khan altyn khan derbets dzungars elets hoyts irtysh khoshuts oirats torguts yamysh History (General) D1-2009 Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
description	In 1541 the Oirats managed to form the Middle Confederation, which was led by the Khoshuts as the most powerful people. In the second half of the same XVI century the Oirats, suffering from attacks of their neighbors - the Turkic peoples from the west and south and the eastern Mongols from the east, began to move towards southern Siberia. Earlier they used to roam along the Black Irtysh river and north of the lake Zaysan, but now they began to move below the lake Yamysh. Opinions on the migration routes of the Oirats, existing in the literature, need clarification. The author offers his vision based on the archival materials and the Mongolian sources: the Hoyt Oirats, driven out of Kharakhoto by the Tumat Altan Khan, were the first to go towards the Altai Mountains. The next were the Torgut Oirats, who crossed the Altai, and then, together with the Derbets, they moved down the Irtysh river. The Elelets, the future Dzungars, left Western Mongolia for the Yenisei river sources. Already in the second decade of the 17th century the Oirats wandered along Om, Kamyshlov, Tobol and Ishim rivers, that is, they were roaming along the middle reaches of the Irtysh river. In 1623, at lake Yamysh, they defeated the troops of the Hotogoit Altyn Khan Sholoi Ubashi-Khuntaiji, but this victory did not exclude an internal struggle in the ruling house of the Khoshuts, which resulted in weakening of this people. Further civil strife forced the Torguts to move towards west, and in the early 1630s they reached the Volga river. Migrations over such long distances were possible only if there was an effective management apparatus, while maintaining traditions and identity.
format	article
author	Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov
author_facet	Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov
author_sort	Baatr Uchaevich Kitinov
title	Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
title_short	Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
title_full	Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
title_fullStr	Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
title_full_unstemmed	Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria
title_sort	migration of the oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to dzungaria
publisher	Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2f33b0d81b44ef48f7065a4ff2c5e99
work_keys_str_mv	AT baatruchaevichkitinov migrationoftheoiratsinthefirstquarterofthe17thcenturyontheeveofreturningtodzungaria
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Migration of the Oirats in the first quarter of the 17th century on the eve of returning to Dzungaria

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