Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming

Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached a record concentration of 419 parts per million in May 2021, 50% higher than preindustrial levels at 280 parts per million. The rise of CO<sub>2</sub> as a heat-trapping gas is the principal barometer tracking global warming attributed to a global avera...

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Autor principal:	Markes E. Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	El Niño-Southern Oscillation coastal erosion storm surge paleotempestology Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e30466ea45f14540964ddf88ff3f0f45
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e30466ea45f14540964ddf88ff3f0f452021-11-25T18:04:21ZGeological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming10.3390/jmse91112102077-1312https://doaj.org/article/e30466ea45f14540964ddf88ff3f0f452021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1210https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached a record concentration of 419 parts per million in May 2021, 50% higher than preindustrial levels at 280 parts per million. The rise of CO<sub>2</sub> as a heat-trapping gas is the principal barometer tracking global warming attributed to a global average increase of 1.2 °C over the last 250 years. Ongoing global warming is expected to perturb extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons), strengthened by elevated sea-surface temperatures. The melting of polar ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland also is expected to result in rising sea levels through the rest of this century. Various proxies for the estimate of long-term change in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) are available through geological oceanography, which relies on the recovery of deep-sea cores for the study of sediments enriched in temperature-sensitive planktonic foraminifera and other algal residues. The Pliocene Warm Period occurred between ~4.5 and 3.0 million years ago, when sea level and average global temperatures were higher than today, and it is widely regarded as a predictive analog to the future impact of climate change. This work reviews some of the extensive literature on the geological oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period together with a summary of land-based studies in paleotempestology focused on coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) and coastal outwash deposits (CODs) from the margin of the Pacific basin and parts of the North Atlantic basin. Ranging in age from the Pliocene through the Holocene, the values of such deposits serve as fixed geophysical markers, against which the micro-fossil record for the Pliocene Warm Period may be compared, as a registry of storm events from Pliocene and post-Pliocene times.Markes E. JohnsonMDPI AGarticleEl Niño-Southern Oscillationcoastal erosionstorm surgepaleotempestologyNaval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineeringVM1-989OceanographyGC1-1581ENJournal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 1210, p 1210 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	El Niño-Southern Oscillation coastal erosion storm surge paleotempestology Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
spellingShingle	El Niño-Southern Oscillation coastal erosion storm surge paleotempestology Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Markes E. Johnson Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
description	Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached a record concentration of 419 parts per million in May 2021, 50% higher than preindustrial levels at 280 parts per million. The rise of CO<sub>2</sub> as a heat-trapping gas is the principal barometer tracking global warming attributed to a global average increase of 1.2 °C over the last 250 years. Ongoing global warming is expected to perturb extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons), strengthened by elevated sea-surface temperatures. The melting of polar ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland also is expected to result in rising sea levels through the rest of this century. Various proxies for the estimate of long-term change in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) are available through geological oceanography, which relies on the recovery of deep-sea cores for the study of sediments enriched in temperature-sensitive planktonic foraminifera and other algal residues. The Pliocene Warm Period occurred between ~4.5 and 3.0 million years ago, when sea level and average global temperatures were higher than today, and it is widely regarded as a predictive analog to the future impact of climate change. This work reviews some of the extensive literature on the geological oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period together with a summary of land-based studies in paleotempestology focused on coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) and coastal outwash deposits (CODs) from the margin of the Pacific basin and parts of the North Atlantic basin. Ranging in age from the Pliocene through the Holocene, the values of such deposits serve as fixed geophysical markers, against which the micro-fossil record for the Pliocene Warm Period may be compared, as a registry of storm events from Pliocene and post-Pliocene times.
format	article
author	Markes E. Johnson
author_facet	Markes E. Johnson
author_sort	Markes E. Johnson
title	Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
title_short	Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
title_full	Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
title_fullStr	Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
title_full_unstemmed	Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming
title_sort	geological oceanography of the pliocene warm period: a review with predictions on the future of global warming
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e30466ea45f14540964ddf88ff3f0f45
work_keys_str_mv	AT markesejohnson geologicaloceanographyofthepliocenewarmperiodareviewwithpredictionsonthefutureofglobalwarming
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Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period: A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming

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