The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools

Halophiles, the salt-loving organisms, have been investigated for at least a hundred years. They are found in all three domains of life, namely Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, and occur in saline and hypersaline environments worldwide. They are already a valuable source of various biomolecules for b...

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Autores principales:	Jakub Lach, Paulina Jęcz, Dominik Strapagiel, Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz, Paweł Stączek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	halophiles biomolecules metagenomics bioinformatics genome mining biodiversity Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e32022403e9d4693818f5a7e5d538b4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e32022403e9d4693818f5a7e5d538b4b2021-11-25T17:41:34ZThe Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools10.3390/genes121117562073-4425https://doaj.org/article/e32022403e9d4693818f5a7e5d538b4b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/11/1756https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425Halophiles, the salt-loving organisms, have been investigated for at least a hundred years. They are found in all three domains of life, namely Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, and occur in saline and hypersaline environments worldwide. They are already a valuable source of various biomolecules for biotechnological, pharmaceutical, cosmetological and industrial applications. In the present era of multidrug-resistant bacteria, cancer expansion, and extreme environmental pollution, the demand for new, effective compounds is higher and more urgent than ever before. Thus, the unique metabolism of halophilic microorganisms, their low nutritional requirements and their ability to adapt to harsh conditions (high salinity, high pressure and UV radiation, low oxygen concentration, hydrophobic conditions, extreme temperatures and pH, toxic compounds and heavy metals) make them promising candidates as a fruitful source of bioactive compounds. The main aim of this review is to highlight the nucleic acid sequencing experimental strategies used in halophile studies in concert with the presentation of recent examples of bioproducts and functions discovered in silico in the halophile’s genomes. We point out methodological gaps and solutions based on in silico methods that are helpful in the identification of valuable bioproducts synthesized by halophiles. We also show the potential of an increasing number of publicly available genomic and metagenomic data for halophilic organisms that can be analysed to identify such new bioproducts and their producers.Jakub LachPaulina JęczDominik StrapagielAgnieszka Matera-WitkiewiczPaweł StączekMDPI AGarticlehalophilesbiomoleculesmetagenomicsbioinformaticsgenome miningbiodiversityGeneticsQH426-470ENGenes, Vol 12, Iss 1756, p 1756 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	halophiles biomolecules metagenomics bioinformatics genome mining biodiversity Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	halophiles biomolecules metagenomics bioinformatics genome mining biodiversity Genetics QH426-470 Jakub Lach Paulina Jęcz Dominik Strapagiel Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz Paweł Stączek The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
description	Halophiles, the salt-loving organisms, have been investigated for at least a hundred years. They are found in all three domains of life, namely Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, and occur in saline and hypersaline environments worldwide. They are already a valuable source of various biomolecules for biotechnological, pharmaceutical, cosmetological and industrial applications. In the present era of multidrug-resistant bacteria, cancer expansion, and extreme environmental pollution, the demand for new, effective compounds is higher and more urgent than ever before. Thus, the unique metabolism of halophilic microorganisms, their low nutritional requirements and their ability to adapt to harsh conditions (high salinity, high pressure and UV radiation, low oxygen concentration, hydrophobic conditions, extreme temperatures and pH, toxic compounds and heavy metals) make them promising candidates as a fruitful source of bioactive compounds. The main aim of this review is to highlight the nucleic acid sequencing experimental strategies used in halophile studies in concert with the presentation of recent examples of bioproducts and functions discovered in silico in the halophile’s genomes. We point out methodological gaps and solutions based on in silico methods that are helpful in the identification of valuable bioproducts synthesized by halophiles. We also show the potential of an increasing number of publicly available genomic and metagenomic data for halophilic organisms that can be analysed to identify such new bioproducts and their producers.
format	article
author	Jakub Lach Paulina Jęcz Dominik Strapagiel Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz Paweł Stączek
author_facet	Jakub Lach Paulina Jęcz Dominik Strapagiel Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz Paweł Stączek
author_sort	Jakub Lach
title	The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
title_short	The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
title_full	The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
title_fullStr	The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
title_full_unstemmed	The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools
title_sort	methods of digging for “gold” within the salt: characterization of halophilic prokaryotes and identification of their valuable biological products using sequencing and genome mining tools
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e32022403e9d4693818f5a7e5d538b4b
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The Methods of Digging for “Gold” within the Salt: Characterization of Halophilic Prokaryotes and Identification of Their Valuable Biological Products Using Sequencing and Genome Mining Tools

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