Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

Abstract Since Emil Kraepelin’s conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case–control studies contrasting magnetic...

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Autores principales:	Badari Birur, Nina Vanessa Kraguljac, Richard C. Shelton, Adrienne Carol Lahti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e3356e3d2cde4317b3a1813b47132f0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e3356e3d2cde4317b3a1813b47132f0a2021-12-02T12:30:49ZBrain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature10.1038/s41537-017-0013-92334-265Xhttps://doaj.org/article/e3356e3d2cde4317b3a1813b47132f0a2017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9https://doaj.org/toc/2334-265XAbstract Since Emil Kraepelin’s conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case–control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.Badari BirurNina Vanessa KraguljacRichard C. SheltonAdrienne Carol LahtiNature PortfolioarticlePsychiatryRC435-571ENnpj Schizophrenia, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	Psychiatry RC435-571 Badari Birur Nina Vanessa Kraguljac Richard C. Shelton Adrienne Carol Lahti Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
description	Abstract Since Emil Kraepelin’s conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case–control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.
format	article
author	Badari Birur Nina Vanessa Kraguljac Richard C. Shelton Adrienne Carol Lahti
author_facet	Badari Birur Nina Vanessa Kraguljac Richard C. Shelton Adrienne Carol Lahti
author_sort	Badari Birur
title	Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
title_short	Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
title_full	Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
title_fullStr	Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
title_full_unstemmed	Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
title_sort	brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e3356e3d2cde4317b3a1813b47132f0a
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Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

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