Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean

Abstract Episodic anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) extremes, or marine heatwaves (MHWs), amplify ocean warming effects and may lead to severe impacts on marine ecosystems. MHW-induced coral bleaching events have been observed frequently in recent decades in the southeast Indian Ocean (...

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Autores principales:	Ningning Zhang, Ming Feng, Harry H. Hendon, Alistair J. Hobday, Jens Zinke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e367d3432f8b402ca248068a94ec0fb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e367d3432f8b402ca248068a94ec0fb92021-12-02T12:32:40ZOpposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean10.1038/s41598-017-02688-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e367d3432f8b402ca248068a94ec0fb92017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02688-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Episodic anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) extremes, or marine heatwaves (MHWs), amplify ocean warming effects and may lead to severe impacts on marine ecosystems. MHW-induced coral bleaching events have been observed frequently in recent decades in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), a region traditionally regarded to have resilience to global warming. In this study, we assess the contribution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to MHWs across the mostly understudied reefs in the SEIO. We find that in extended summer months, the MHWs at tropical and subtropical reefs (divided at ~20°S) are driven by opposite ENSO polarities: MHWs are more likely to occur at the tropical reefs during eastern Pacific El Niño, driven by enhanced solar radiation and weaker Australian Monsoon, some likely alleviated by positive Indian Ocean Dipole events, and at the subtropical reefs during central Pacific La Niña, mainly caused by increased horizontal heat transport, and in some cases reinforced by local air-sea interactions. Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJO) also modulate the MHW occurrences. Projected future increases in ENSO and MJO intensity with greenhouse warming will enhance thermal stress across the SEIO. Implementing forecasting systems of MHWs can be used to anticipate future coral bleaching patterns and prepare management responses.Ningning ZhangMing FengHarry H. HendonAlistair J. HobdayJens ZinkeNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ningning Zhang Ming Feng Harry H. Hendon Alistair J. Hobday Jens Zinke Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
description	Abstract Episodic anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) extremes, or marine heatwaves (MHWs), amplify ocean warming effects and may lead to severe impacts on marine ecosystems. MHW-induced coral bleaching events have been observed frequently in recent decades in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), a region traditionally regarded to have resilience to global warming. In this study, we assess the contribution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to MHWs across the mostly understudied reefs in the SEIO. We find that in extended summer months, the MHWs at tropical and subtropical reefs (divided at ~20°S) are driven by opposite ENSO polarities: MHWs are more likely to occur at the tropical reefs during eastern Pacific El Niño, driven by enhanced solar radiation and weaker Australian Monsoon, some likely alleviated by positive Indian Ocean Dipole events, and at the subtropical reefs during central Pacific La Niña, mainly caused by increased horizontal heat transport, and in some cases reinforced by local air-sea interactions. Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJO) also modulate the MHW occurrences. Projected future increases in ENSO and MJO intensity with greenhouse warming will enhance thermal stress across the SEIO. Implementing forecasting systems of MHWs can be used to anticipate future coral bleaching patterns and prepare management responses.
format	article
author	Ningning Zhang Ming Feng Harry H. Hendon Alistair J. Hobday Jens Zinke
author_facet	Ningning Zhang Ming Feng Harry H. Hendon Alistair J. Hobday Jens Zinke
author_sort	Ningning Zhang
title	Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
title_short	Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
title_full	Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
title_fullStr	Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
title_full_unstemmed	Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean
title_sort	opposite polarities of enso drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast indian ocean
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e367d3432f8b402ca248068a94ec0fb9
work_keys_str_mv	AT ningningzhang oppositepolaritiesofensodrivedistinctpatternsofcoralbleachingpotentialsinthesoutheastindianocean AT mingfeng oppositepolaritiesofensodrivedistinctpatternsofcoralbleachingpotentialsinthesoutheastindianocean AT harryhhendon oppositepolaritiesofensodrivedistinctpatternsofcoralbleachingpotentialsinthesoutheastindianocean AT alistairjhobday oppositepolaritiesofensodrivedistinctpatternsofcoralbleachingpotentialsinthesoutheastindianocean AT jenszinke oppositepolaritiesofensodrivedistinctpatternsofcoralbleachingpotentialsinthesoutheastindianocean
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Opposite polarities of ENSO drive distinct patterns of coral bleaching potentials in the southeast Indian Ocean

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