The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.

Mutualistic networks are crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, what we know about seed dispersal networks is based only on bird-fruit interactions. Therefore, we aimed at filling part of this gap by investigating bat-fruit networks. It is known from population studies that...

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Autores principales:	Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Mello, Flávia Maria Darcie Marquitti, Paulo Roberto Guimarães, Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko, Pedro Jordano, Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e36dfa6b5c804e0a92271627210c1c81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e36dfa6b5c804e0a92271627210c1c812021-11-18T06:58:04ZThe missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017395https://doaj.org/article/e36dfa6b5c804e0a92271627210c1c812011-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21386981/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mutualistic networks are crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, what we know about seed dispersal networks is based only on bird-fruit interactions. Therefore, we aimed at filling part of this gap by investigating bat-fruit networks. It is known from population studies that: (i) some bat species depend more on fruits than others, and (ii) that some specialized frugivorous bats prefer particular plant genera. We tested whether those preferences affected the structure and robustness of the whole network and the functional roles of species. Nine bat-fruit datasets from the literature were analyzed and all networks showed lower complementary specialization (H(2)' = 0.37±0.10, mean ± SD) and similar nestedness (NODF = 0.56±0.12) than pollination networks. All networks were modular (M = 0.32±0.07), and had on average four cohesive subgroups (modules) of tightly connected bats and plants. The composition of those modules followed the genus-genus associations observed at population level (Artibeus-Ficus, Carollia-Piper, and Sturnira-Solanum), although a few of those plant genera were dispersed also by other bats. Bat-fruit networks showed high robustness to simulated cumulative removals of both bats (R = 0.55±0.10) and plants (R = 0.68±0.09). Primary frugivores interacted with a larger proportion of the plants available and also occupied more central positions; furthermore, their extinction caused larger changes in network structure. We conclude that bat-fruit networks are highly cohesive and robust mutualistic systems, in which redundancy is high within modules, although modules are complementary to each other. Dietary specialization seems to be an important structuring factor that affects the topology, the guild structure and functional roles in bat-fruit networks.Marco Aurelio Ribeiro MelloFlávia Maria Darcie MarquittiPaulo Roberto GuimarãesElisabeth Klara Viktoria KalkoPedro JordanoMarcus Aloizio Martinez de AguiarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e17395 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Mello Flávia Maria Darcie Marquitti Paulo Roberto Guimarães Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko Pedro Jordano Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
description	Mutualistic networks are crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, what we know about seed dispersal networks is based only on bird-fruit interactions. Therefore, we aimed at filling part of this gap by investigating bat-fruit networks. It is known from population studies that: (i) some bat species depend more on fruits than others, and (ii) that some specialized frugivorous bats prefer particular plant genera. We tested whether those preferences affected the structure and robustness of the whole network and the functional roles of species. Nine bat-fruit datasets from the literature were analyzed and all networks showed lower complementary specialization (H(2)' = 0.37±0.10, mean ± SD) and similar nestedness (NODF = 0.56±0.12) than pollination networks. All networks were modular (M = 0.32±0.07), and had on average four cohesive subgroups (modules) of tightly connected bats and plants. The composition of those modules followed the genus-genus associations observed at population level (Artibeus-Ficus, Carollia-Piper, and Sturnira-Solanum), although a few of those plant genera were dispersed also by other bats. Bat-fruit networks showed high robustness to simulated cumulative removals of both bats (R = 0.55±0.10) and plants (R = 0.68±0.09). Primary frugivores interacted with a larger proportion of the plants available and also occupied more central positions; furthermore, their extinction caused larger changes in network structure. We conclude that bat-fruit networks are highly cohesive and robust mutualistic systems, in which redundancy is high within modules, although modules are complementary to each other. Dietary specialization seems to be an important structuring factor that affects the topology, the guild structure and functional roles in bat-fruit networks.
format	article
author	Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Mello Flávia Maria Darcie Marquitti Paulo Roberto Guimarães Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko Pedro Jordano Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar
author_facet	Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Mello Flávia Maria Darcie Marquitti Paulo Roberto Guimarães Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko Pedro Jordano Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar
author_sort	Marco Aurelio Ribeiro Mello
title	The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
title_short	The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
title_full	The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
title_fullStr	The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
title_full_unstemmed	The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
title_sort	missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/e36dfa6b5c804e0a92271627210c1c81
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The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.

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