Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020

The study of dry-wet climate boundaries in the context of climate warming is of great practical significance for improving the environment of ecologically fragile zones and promoting economic and natural sustainable development. In this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 110 stations,...

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Autores principales:	Miao Wang, Puxing Liu, Xuemei Qiao, Wenyang Si, Lu Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dry-wet climate boundary EOF decomposition STARS Fourier power spectrum northwest region Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e3794489e5aa4e8c90d8c768e6137f67
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e3794489e5aa4e8c90d8c768e6137f672021-11-25T16:45:35ZSpatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 202010.3390/atmos121114992073-4433https://doaj.org/article/e3794489e5aa4e8c90d8c768e6137f672021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1499https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433The study of dry-wet climate boundaries in the context of climate warming is of great practical significance for improving the environment of ecologically fragile zones and promoting economic and natural sustainable development. In this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 110 stations, using the wetness index, empirical orthogonal function decomposition, regime shift detection test, Fourier power spectrum, and Kriging interpolation, the researchers analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of dry-wet conditions and boundaries in five provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020. The results showed that the overall wetness index increased in the past 61 years, but with significant internal differences, among which the western and central climate tended to be warm and wet, and the eastern tended to be warm and dry. The annual wetness index changed abruptly in 1986 with cycles of 3.61 a, 7.11 a and 8.83 a. The mutations occurred correspondingly in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 1972, 1976, 1983, and 1988, with periods of 3.88 a and 4.92 a, 2.18 a and 2.81 a, 2.15 a, and 2.10 a, respectively. The dry-wet climate boundary has fluctuated markedly since 1960. The extreme arid and arid regions boundary shifted southward and shrank in size until the extreme arid region disappeared in the 2010s. The arid along with semi-arid regions and semi-arid in addition to semi-humid regions boundaries both have two boundary lines, and show the shift of the northwestern boundary to the southeast and the southeastern boundary to the northwest, with the area of the arid together with semi-arid regions shrinking significantly by 5.64%, simultaneously, the area of the semi-humid region area expanding significantly by 84.11%. The boundary of semi-humid and relatively humid regions, and the boundary of relatively humid and humid regions all shifted to the southeast, moreover, the area of the relatively humid region and humid region shrank significantly by 12.08%. The expansion of semi-humid region and the contraction of other climate regions are characteristics of the dry-wet climate variability in five provinces of Northwest China. The area of the three arid climate zones dwindled by 9.61%, and the area of the three humid zones extended by 39.01%. Obviously, the climate inclined to be warm and humid in general.Miao WangPuxing LiuXuemei QiaoWenyang SiLu LiuMDPI AGarticledry-wet climate boundaryEOF decompositionSTARSFourier power spectrumnorthwest regionMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1499, p 1499 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dry-wet climate boundary EOF decomposition STARS Fourier power spectrum northwest region Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	dry-wet climate boundary EOF decomposition STARS Fourier power spectrum northwest region Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Miao Wang Puxing Liu Xuemei Qiao Wenyang Si Lu Liu Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
description	The study of dry-wet climate boundaries in the context of climate warming is of great practical significance for improving the environment of ecologically fragile zones and promoting economic and natural sustainable development. In this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 110 stations, using the wetness index, empirical orthogonal function decomposition, regime shift detection test, Fourier power spectrum, and Kriging interpolation, the researchers analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of dry-wet conditions and boundaries in five provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020. The results showed that the overall wetness index increased in the past 61 years, but with significant internal differences, among which the western and central climate tended to be warm and wet, and the eastern tended to be warm and dry. The annual wetness index changed abruptly in 1986 with cycles of 3.61 a, 7.11 a and 8.83 a. The mutations occurred correspondingly in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 1972, 1976, 1983, and 1988, with periods of 3.88 a and 4.92 a, 2.18 a and 2.81 a, 2.15 a, and 2.10 a, respectively. The dry-wet climate boundary has fluctuated markedly since 1960. The extreme arid and arid regions boundary shifted southward and shrank in size until the extreme arid region disappeared in the 2010s. The arid along with semi-arid regions and semi-arid in addition to semi-humid regions boundaries both have two boundary lines, and show the shift of the northwestern boundary to the southeast and the southeastern boundary to the northwest, with the area of the arid together with semi-arid regions shrinking significantly by 5.64%, simultaneously, the area of the semi-humid region area expanding significantly by 84.11%. The boundary of semi-humid and relatively humid regions, and the boundary of relatively humid and humid regions all shifted to the southeast, moreover, the area of the relatively humid region and humid region shrank significantly by 12.08%. The expansion of semi-humid region and the contraction of other climate regions are characteristics of the dry-wet climate variability in five provinces of Northwest China. The area of the three arid climate zones dwindled by 9.61%, and the area of the three humid zones extended by 39.01%. Obviously, the climate inclined to be warm and humid in general.
format	article
author	Miao Wang Puxing Liu Xuemei Qiao Wenyang Si Lu Liu
author_facet	Miao Wang Puxing Liu Xuemei Qiao Wenyang Si Lu Liu
author_sort	Miao Wang
title	Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
title_short	Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
title_full	Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
title_fullStr	Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed	Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020
title_sort	spatio-temporal characteristics of dry-wet conditions and boundaries in five provinces of northwest china from 1960 to 2020
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e3794489e5aa4e8c90d8c768e6137f67
work_keys_str_mv	AT miaowang spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofdrywetconditionsandboundariesinfiveprovincesofnorthwestchinafrom1960to2020 AT puxingliu spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofdrywetconditionsandboundariesinfiveprovincesofnorthwestchinafrom1960to2020 AT xuemeiqiao spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofdrywetconditionsandboundariesinfiveprovincesofnorthwestchinafrom1960to2020 AT wenyangsi spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofdrywetconditionsandboundariesinfiveprovincesofnorthwestchinafrom1960to2020 AT luliu spatiotemporalcharacteristicsofdrywetconditionsandboundariesinfiveprovincesofnorthwestchinafrom1960to2020
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Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020

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