Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.

A detailed investigation of the shell formation of the palaeoheterodont 'living fossil' Neotrigonia concentrated on the timing and manufacture of the calcified 'bosses' which stud the outside of all trigonioid bivalves (extant and fossil) has been conducted. Electron microscopy a...

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Autores principales:	Antonio G Checa, Carmen Salas, Elizabeth M Harper, Juan de Dios Bueno-Pérez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e387def56d4a4de791f94721d63eb251
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e387def56d4a4de791f94721d63eb2512021-11-18T08:31:02ZEarly stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0090033https://doaj.org/article/e387def56d4a4de791f94721d63eb2512014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24587202/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A detailed investigation of the shell formation of the palaeoheterodont 'living fossil' Neotrigonia concentrated on the timing and manufacture of the calcified 'bosses' which stud the outside of all trigonioid bivalves (extant and fossil) has been conducted. Electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed that Neotrigonia spp. have a spiral-shaped periostracal groove. The periostracum itself is secreted by the basal cell, as a thin dark pellicle, becoming progressively transformed into a thin dark layer by additions of secretions from the internal outer mantle fold. Later, intense secretion of the internal surface of the outer mantle fold forms a translucent layer, which becomes transformed by tanning into a dark layer. The initiation of calcified bosses occurred at a very early stage of periostracum formation, deep within the periostracal groove immediately below the initialmost dark layer. At this stage, they consist of a series of polycyclically twinned crystals. The bosses grow as the periostracum traverse through the periostracal groove, in coordination with the thickening of the dark periostracal layer and until, upon reaching the mantle edge, they impinge upon each other and become transformed into large prisms separated by dark periostracal walls. In conclusion, the initial bosses and the external part of the prismatic layer are fully intraperiostracal. With later growth, the prisms transform into fibrous aggregates, although the details of the process are unknown. This reinforces the relationships with other groups that have the ability to form intraperiostracal calcifications, for example the unionoids with which the trigonioids form the clade Paleoheterodonta. The presence of similar structures in anomalodesmatans and other euheterodonts raises the question of whether this indicates a relationship or represents a convergence. The identification of very early calcification within an organic sheet has interesting implications for our understanding of how shells may have evolved.Antonio G ChecaCarmen SalasElizabeth M HarperJuan de Dios Bueno-PérezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e90033 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Antonio G Checa Carmen Salas Elizabeth M Harper Juan de Dios Bueno-Pérez Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
description	A detailed investigation of the shell formation of the palaeoheterodont 'living fossil' Neotrigonia concentrated on the timing and manufacture of the calcified 'bosses' which stud the outside of all trigonioid bivalves (extant and fossil) has been conducted. Electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed that Neotrigonia spp. have a spiral-shaped periostracal groove. The periostracum itself is secreted by the basal cell, as a thin dark pellicle, becoming progressively transformed into a thin dark layer by additions of secretions from the internal outer mantle fold. Later, intense secretion of the internal surface of the outer mantle fold forms a translucent layer, which becomes transformed by tanning into a dark layer. The initiation of calcified bosses occurred at a very early stage of periostracum formation, deep within the periostracal groove immediately below the initialmost dark layer. At this stage, they consist of a series of polycyclically twinned crystals. The bosses grow as the periostracum traverse through the periostracal groove, in coordination with the thickening of the dark periostracal layer and until, upon reaching the mantle edge, they impinge upon each other and become transformed into large prisms separated by dark periostracal walls. In conclusion, the initial bosses and the external part of the prismatic layer are fully intraperiostracal. With later growth, the prisms transform into fibrous aggregates, although the details of the process are unknown. This reinforces the relationships with other groups that have the ability to form intraperiostracal calcifications, for example the unionoids with which the trigonioids form the clade Paleoheterodonta. The presence of similar structures in anomalodesmatans and other euheterodonts raises the question of whether this indicates a relationship or represents a convergence. The identification of very early calcification within an organic sheet has interesting implications for our understanding of how shells may have evolved.
format	article
author	Antonio G Checa Carmen Salas Elizabeth M Harper Juan de Dios Bueno-Pérez
author_facet	Antonio G Checa Carmen Salas Elizabeth M Harper Juan de Dios Bueno-Pérez
author_sort	Antonio G Checa
title	Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
title_short	Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
title_full	Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
title_fullStr	Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
title_full_unstemmed	Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.
title_sort	early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve neotrigonia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e387def56d4a4de791f94721d63eb251
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Early stage biomineralization in the periostracum of the 'living fossil' bivalve Neotrigonia.

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